Baden bei Wien
Baden (Central Bavarian: Bodn),[3] unofficially distinguished from other Badens as Baden bei Wien (Baden near Vienna),[4] is a spa town in Austria. It serves as the capital of Baden District in the state of Lower Austria. Located about 26 km (16 mi) south of Vienna, the municipality consists of cadastral areas Baden, Braiten, Gamingerhof, Leesdorf, Mitterberg, Rauhenstein, and Weikersdorf.
Baden | |
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 Panorama of Baden with the aqueduct in the foreground | |
 Coat of arms | |
  Baden Location within Austria  Baden Location within Lower Austria | |
| Coordinates: 48°00′27″N 16°14′04″E | |
| Country | Austria |
| State | Lower Austria |
| District | Baden |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Stefan Szirucsek (ÖVP) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 26.89 km2 (10.38 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 230 m (750 ft) |
| Population (2018-01-01)[2] | |
| • Total | 26,286 |
| • Density | 980/km2 (2,500/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 2500 |
| Area code | 0 22 52 |
| Vehicle registration | BN |
| Website | baden.at |
| Part of | The Great Spa Towns of Europe |
| Criteria | Cultural: (ii)(iii) |
| Reference | 1613 |
| Inscription | 2021 (44th Session) |
In 2021, the town became part of the transnational UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name "Great Spa Towns of Europe" because of its famous medicinal springs and its architectural testimony to the international spa culture on the 18th and 19th centuries.[5]
Geography and Geology
Baden is located at the mouth of the Schwechat River's St Helena Valley (Helenental)[6] in the Vienna Woods (Wienerwald) range. It takes its name from the area's 14 hot springs, which vary in temperature from 72 to 97 °F (22 to 36 °C)[6] and contain mineral salts including calcium carbonate, calcium chloride and magnesium sulphate.[7][8] They lie for the most part at the foot of Mt Calvary (Calvarienberg; 1,070 ft or 326 m) in the north-central part of town.[7][8] These springs are caused by runoff from the Northern Limestone Alps and tectonic fissures within the Vienna Basin.[8]
The highest point in the area is the Iron Gate (Eisernes Tor or Hoher Lindkogel), whose 2,825 ft (861 m) can be ascended in about three hours.[7]
History
The celebrity of Baden dates back to the days of the Romans, who knew it by the name of Aquae Cetiae[6] or Thermae Pannonicae.[9] Some ruins are still visible.[9] The settlement was mentioned as Padun in a deed from AD 869. The nearby abbey of Heiligenkreuz's Romanesque church was constructed in the 11th century; it subsequently served as the burial place for members of the Babenberg family.[7] The castle Rauheneck was constructed on the right bank of the river at the entrance to the valley in the 12th century; the castle Rauhenstein was built on the opposite bank at the same time.[7] The town received its legal privileges in 1480.[7] Although repeatedly sacked by Hungarians and Turks, it soon flourished again each time.[9]
The town was largely destroyed by a fire in 1812 but was excellently rebuilt[6] in a Biedermeier style according to plans by architect Joseph Kornhäusel, it is therefore sometimes referred to as the "Biedermeierstadt". Archduke Charles, the victor of Aspern, constructed the Château Weilburg at the foot of Rauheneck between 1820 and 1825.[7] In the 19th century, it was connected to the railway running between Vienna and Graz, which led to thousands of Viennese visiting each year to take the waters, including members of the imperial family, who constructed extensive villas nearby.[6][8] In 1820, the Sauerhof became the first freestanding spa hotel in Europe.[8] The composer Ludwig van Beethoven stayed a number of times in Baden and his residences still form local tourist spots. The location at Rathausgasse 10 now forms a museum open to the public.[n 1] Mayerling, a hunting lodge about 4 mi (6.4 km) up the valley, was the site of Crown Prince Rudolf's murder-suicide in 1889.[7] Its primary export in the 19th century were steel razors, which were reckoned of excellent quality.[6]
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The town boasted a theater, military hospital, and casino, all constructed in the late 1800s and early 1900s.[6][8] The City Theater (Stadttheater) was built in 1909 by Ferdinand Fellner. By the time of the First World War, Baden was Vienna's principal resort: 20 000 came each year, double the town's local population.[7] In addition to a modern "spa house" (Kurhaus), there were 15 separate bathing establishments and several parks.[7] During the war, Baden served as a temporary seat of the Austro-Hungarian high command. A new casino in 1934 made the town the premier resort throughout Austria. The Château Weilburg was destroyed during World War II. After World War II, Baden served as the headquarters of Soviet forces within occupied Austria until 1955.
Transport
Baden can be reached by the Süd Autobahn (A2). It has two rail stations: the Baden railway station for S-Bahn and regional trains, and the local Badner Bahn tram-train.
Government
Kurt Staska (ÖVP) was Baden's Bürgermeister as a result of elections of 2015, but he resigned at the end of 2016 and Stefan Szirucsek became the new Bürgermeister (Mayor). His deputy is Helga Krismer from the Greens.
City council (German: Gemeinderat) consists of 41 seats:
- ÖVP holds 15 places
- local bloc – 10 places
- SPÖ has 8 members
- the Greens hold 5 places
- FPÖ has 2 members
- NEOS has 1 place
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Population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1971 | 22,727 | — |
| 1981 | 23,140 | +1.8% |
| 1991 | 23,488 | +1.5% |
| 2001 | 24,518 | +4.4% |
| 2006 | 25,212 | +2.8% |
| 2010 | 25,136 | −0.3% |
| 2014 | 25,229 | +0.4% |
Notable people
Natives
- Louis V. Arco (born Lutz Altschul; 1899–1975), Austrian actor
- Vincent Bach (1890–1976), virtuoso trumpeter and brass instrument maker
- (Maximilian) Hugo Bettauer (1872–1925), Austrian writer
- Caterina Canzi (1805–1890), opera singer
- Mario Dorner (born 1970), football player
- Willi End (1921–2013), Austrian mountaineer
- Lucie Englisch (1902–1965), Austrian actress
- Bert Fortell (1924–1996), actor
- Josef Frank (1885–1967), Austrian-Swedish architect
- Mizzi Griebl (1872–1952), Austrian singer and actress
- Marianne Hainisch (1839–1936), Austrian feminist, women's rights activist
- Erwin "Jimmy" Hoffer (born 1987), footballer
- Natalie von Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst, Ratibor und Corvey (1911[10] — 1989), 2nd daughter of Maria Henriette Erzherzogin von Österreich
- Karl Holdhaus (1883–1975), Austrian entomologist
- Georg Michael Höllering (1897–1980), Austrian-British author and film director[11]
- Besian Idrizaj (1987–2010), Austrian professional football player
- Johann Baptist Klerr (1830–1875), composer and kapellmeister
- Max Kuttner (1883 (1880) – 1953), German opera- and operetta tenor, gramophone/record- and radio singer
- Karl Landsteiner (1868–1943, New York City), physician, discoverer of the blood type
- Archduke Carl Ludwig of Austria (1918–2007), 5th child of Kaiser Karl I von Österreich and Kaiserin Zita
- Heinrich von Lützow (1852–1935) Austro-Hungarian diplomat
- Hertha Martin (born 1930), Austrian actress
- Heribert Meisel (1920–1966), a legendary Austrian sport-journalist and sport-presenter of the ORF and ZDF
- Maximilian Melcher (1922–2002), artist and lecturer
- Eduard Melkus (born 1928), Austrian violinist and violist
- Josef Müllner (1879–1968), Austrian sculptor
- Amalia Schütz Oldosi (1803–1852), Austrian soprano
- Rosa Papier (1859–1932), Austrian opera singer and singing-educator
- Jakob Pazeller (1869–1957), composer
- Karl Pfeifer (1928–2023), Austrian journalist
- Arnulf Rainer (born 1929), Austrian painter
- Max Reinhardt (Maximilian Goldmann; 1873–1943, New York City), theatre director and theatre manager
- Franz Josef Reinl (1903–1977), Austrian composer
- Franz Reznicek (born 1903), Austrian architect
- Rollett family:
- Alexander Rollett (1834–1903), Austrian physiologist and histologist
- Georg Anton Rollett (1778–1842), Austrian collector, natural scientist and doctor Georg Anton Rollett
- Hermann Rollett (1819–1904), Vormärz-poet, writer on art, archivist of the city
- Herbert Schambeck (born 1934), jurist
- Karin Scheele (born 1968), Austrian social democratic politician and previously a member of the European Parliament
- Katharina Schratt (1853–1940), actress
- Anton Maria Schwartz (1852–1929), Catholic priest
- Rudolf Steinboeck (1908–1996), actor, director
- Marlene Streeruwitz (born 1950), writer
- Theodor Tomandl (born 1933), Austrian jurisprudent
- Carl Ignaz Umlauf (1824–1902), composer, teacher[12]
- Thomas Vanek (born 1984), retired professional ice hockey player who mostly played in the NHL
- Ignaz Vitzthumb (Witzthumb) (1724–1816, Brussels), Austrian composer; acted in the Austrian Netherlands
- Erik Werba (1918–1992), Austrian pianist, composer and academic teacher[13]
- Ralph Wiener (born 1924), Kabarettist, author
- Elisabeth Woska (born 1938), actress
Residents
- Karel Komzák II (1850–1905), Czech-Austrian composer
- Michael Korobkov (born 1957), nobleman, philanthropist and businessman; CEO of IMM Birest International
- Sigi Maron (1944–2016), singer-songwriter
- Mirabehn (1892–1982), Indian freedom fighter
- Hans-Joachim Roedelius (born 1934), German experimental, ambient and electronic musician
Notes
- Other street addresses include Antonsgasse 4, Braitnerstrasse 26, Frauengasse 10, Johannesgasse 12, Kaiser Franz Ring 9, and Weilburgstrasse 13.
References
- "Dauersiedlungsraum der Gemeinden Politischen Bezirke und Bundesländer - Gebietsstand 1.1.2018". Statistics Austria. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
- "Einwohnerzahl 1.1.2018 nach Gemeinden mit Status, Gebietsstand 1.1.2018". Statistics Austria. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
- Charnock (1859), "Baden", Local Etymology, p. 23
- "Baden near Vienna". Google search. Retrieved 10 October 2015.
- Landwehr, Andreas (24 July 2021). "'Great Spas of Europe' awarded UNESCO World Heritage status". Deutsche Presse-Agentur. Retrieved 25 July 2021.
- EB (1878).
- EB (1911), p. 183.
- Nomination of the Great Spas of Europe for inclusion on the World Heritage List (Report). United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
- EB (1911), p. 184.
- Lokal-Nachrichten. Taufe in der Weilburg. Badener Zeitung, 2 August 1911, p. 3
- Christie, Ian (2004). "Hoellering, George Michael (1897–1980), film-maker and exhibitor". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/61485. Retrieved 23 February 2019. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- Leuchtmann, Horst (2001). "Umlauf, Carl Ignaz Franz (1824–1902), zither player, composer, teacher : Grove Music Online – oi". oxfordindex.oup.com. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.28745. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
- Erik Werba oxfordreference.com
Bibliography
- Baynes, T. S., ed. (1878), , Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 3 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, p. 227
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911), , Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 3 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, pp. 183–184
- Harald Salfellner, Julius Silver: The Imperial City of Baden bei Wien. Vitalis, Prague 2017, ISBN 978-3-89919-495-1.
External links
- Official homepage
- Synagogue Archived 6 February 2006 at the Wayback Machine
- Casino
- Römertherme
- Kurhaus
- Stadttheater Archived 6 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine
- Hauervinothek
- "Baden: I. A town of Lower Austria". The American Cyclopædia. 1879.
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