Baháʼí Faith in Tunisia

The first presence of the religion is not well documented but all suggestions point to the arrival of Baháʼís during the ministry of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá which is to say before 1921. It is suggested a Baháʼí visited circa 1910[10] possibly from Egypt.[2] Frenchman Baháʼí Hippolyte Dreyfus-Barney[11] is known to have obtained permission from the French authorities to have the Baháʼí teachings promulgated in Tunisia. Dreyfus-Barney was remembered by Shoghi Effendi, then head of the religion, for his "stimulating encouragement" to the Baháʼí community of Tunis.[12] Later, Hafez Nadim Effendi, who died in 1933, was similarly encouraged by Shoghi Effendi to twice visit Tunis to teach and encourage the Baháʼís.[13] Circa 1928 the first Bahaʼi pilgrim from Tunis and a representative of its Baháʼí Local Spiritual Assembly visited the Baháʼí spiritual and administrative centers of the religion.[14] In 1937 Dr. M. Sálih, chairman of the National Spiritual Assembly of Egypt, visited Tunis again based on the encouragement of the head of the religion with a view to strengthening the Baháʼís in Tunisia and encouraging their activities.[15]

In 1956 at Ridván, a marked holy day of the religion and a day on which major elections are held, three new Regional Spiritual Assemblies were established including that of North-West Africa with the chairmanship of Enoch Olinga[4][16] covering Tunisia with its secretarial seat in Tunis.[5] Another well known Baháʼí who served the area and that assembly at the time was Helen Elsie Austin.[17][18] The assembly was established covering about 600 Baháʼís[4] and 38 local assemblies across northwestern Africa.[5] The seat of the national assembly was later transferred from Tunis to Rabat, Morocco.[5] The regional national assembly including Tunisia achieved incorporation in 1961.[5]

A survey of the religion taken in 1963[6] found an Assembly in Tunis, groups between 1 and 9 adults in 18 locations, and an additional 6 locations isolated Baháʼís lived.

During 1967–69 the regional assembly was reorganized and had jurisdiction over Algeria and Tunisia. When the pioneers to Tunisia were expelled in November 1968 the Attar-Hamedani family left behind a villa and office before eventually settling in Hong Kong. In 1969 the regional national assembly of North Africa was dissolved when Tunisia was placed under emergency rule. The National Spiritual Assembly of Tunisia was elected in 1972.[5][19]

In 2005, a Tunisian Muslim academic, Dr. Iqbal Al-Gharbi, a psychology lecturer at the University of Ez-Zitouna in Tunis, called on Muslims to reconcile with Baháʼís and other religious groups, even to "apologise to the Baha'is that have been humiliated and denigrated in Muslim countries."[25]

The modern Baháʼí community has been alittle in the news since the Arab Spring by commentators interested in events in Tunisia.[26] A series entitled "Tunisia's Spiritual Pluralism" covered the religion in February 2013.[2] It noted that though the Bahá's have "not been overtly persecuted by the Tunisian state, they nonetheless often feel socially marginalized and excluded".

Referring to Revelation, Verses 3, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá provided an interpretation referring to the Umayyad Caliphate regions including Tunisia: "And there appeared a great wonder in heaven; and behold a great red dragon, having seven heads and ten horns, and seven crowns upon his heads. … These signs are an allusion to the dynasty of the Umayyads who dominated the Islamic religion. Seven heads and seven crowns mean seven countries and dominions over which the Umayyads had power: they were the Roman dominion around Damascus; and the Persian, Arabian and Egyptian dominions, together with the dominion of Africa—that is to say, Tunis, Morocco and Algeria; the dominion of Andalusia, which is now Spain; and the dominion of the Turks of Transoxania. The Umayyads had power over these countries."[27] Such an interpretation of history does not negate the affirmation of the exalted station held for Muhammad - ʻAbdu'l-Bahá said that a Baháʼí will choose death over denial of any of the great Prophets, whether Moses, Muhammad or Christ.[28] Baháʼís place Islam as the penultimate religion before the end times, which the Báb ultimate addressed by claiming to be the Qa'im himself[29] followed by Baháʼu'lláh claiming to be the return of Christ.[30]

• Religion in Tunisia
• History of Tunisia