Baishan Dam
The Baishan Dam (Chinese: 白山水库, meaning: "White Mountain Dam") is an arch-gravity dam on the Second Songhua River near the town of Baishanzhen, Huadian, Jilin Province, China. The purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power generation and flood control. The dam supplies water to five turbine-generators in two different powerhouses for an installed capacity of 1,500 megawatts (2,000,000 hp) while it can also control a design 19,100 cubic metres per second (670,000 cu ft/s) flood. Additionally, it has a 300 megawatts (400,000 hp) pumped-storage hydroelectric generation capacity. It is named after Baekdu Mountain (White Mountain), near the city of Baishan.
| Baishan Dam | |
|---|---|
  Location of Baishan Dam in China | |
| Country | China |
| Location | Huadian, Jilin Province |
| Coordinates | 42°43′35″N 127°13′28″E |
| Status | In use |
| Construction began | 1975 |
| Opening date | 1984 |
| Dam and spillways | |
| Type of dam | Arch gravity |
| Impounds | Second Songhua River |
| Height | 149.5 m (490 ft) |
| Length | 677.5 m (2,223 ft) |
| Dam volume | 1,663,000 m3 (58,728,291 cu ft) |
| Spillways | 4 |
| Spillway type | Service, crest overflow |
| Reservoir | |
| Creates | Baishan Reservoir |
| Total capacity | 6,500,000,000 m3 (5,269,636 acre⋅ft) |
| Catchment area | 19,000 km2 (7,336 sq mi) |
| Surface area | 17.67 km2 (6.82 sq mi) |
| Power Station | |
| Commission date | Phase I: 1984 Phase II: 1992 PS: 2006 |
| Type | Conventional and Pumped-storage |
| Hydraulic head | 110 m (361 ft) (design) |
| Turbines | 5 x 300 MW (400,000 hp) Francis turbines conventional 2 x 150 MW (200,000 hp) Pumped-storage |
| Installed capacity | 1,800 MW (2,400,000 hp) |
Construction
Construction on the dam began in May 1975, the reservoir began to fill on September 16, 1982 and by the end of 1984, the first phase of three generators was operational. Another two generators in the project's second phase were operational by 1992.[1] The dam submerged an area of 17.67 square kilometres (6.82 sq mi), displacing about 10,300 people.[2]
In March 2000, a feasibility study report on a pumped-storage capability for the dam was approved. In August 2002, construction started on installing two 150 MW reversible pump generators and by July 2006, they were operational.[3]
Design
The Baishan Dam is a 149.5 metres (490 ft) tall and 677.5 metres (2,223 ft) long arch gravity dam composed of 1,663,000 cubic metres (58,700,000 cu ft) of concrete.[4] It withholds a 6,500,000,000 cubic metres (5,300,000 acre⋅ft) reservoir of which 3,540,000,000 cubic metres (2,870,000 acre⋅ft) is active or "useful" storage and 950,000,000 cubic metres (770,000 acre⋅ft) is flood storage. The dam's spillway contains four 12 by 13 metres (39 ft × 43 ft) openings and three 6 by 7 metres (20 ft × 23 ft) mid-level openings on its orifice.[1] All the dam's openings can discharge a design of 19,100 cubic metres per second (670,000 cu ft/s), check standard of 26,200 cubic metres per second (930,000 cu ft/s) and maximum of 32,200 cubic metres per second (1,140,000 cu ft/s) of water.[2]
The dam powers three separate power stations. The first station to be constructed is located underground and contains 3 x 300 MW Francis turbine generators while the second, located on the left bank slightly downstream contains 2 x 300 MW Francis turbine generators.[1] The third portion of the dam's power station is 2 x 150 MW pump-generators. The dam's current reservoir serves as the upper and the Hongshi Dam's reservoir downstream serves as the lower.[3]
References
- "Hydropower Stations in Northeast China". Embassy China. 2004-07-29. Retrieved 9 January 2011.
- "Baishan Hydropower Station" (in Chinese). Water Pub. Archived from the original on 14 March 2012. Retrieved 9 January 2011.
- "吉林白山抽水蓄能电站顺利通过验收 (Jilin Baishan Pumped Storage Power Station passed acceptance)" (in Chinese). Polaris Power News Center. May 27, 2008. Retrieved 9 January 2011.
- "Dams Overview". Geokon, Inc. Archived from the original on 1 December 2010. Retrieved 9 January 2011.