Balabansai Formation
The Balabansai Formation (sometimes transcribed Balabansay,[1] also known as Balabansai Svita) is a geological formation in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan whose strata date back to the Bathonian and Callovian stages of the Middle Jurassic. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.[2] The lithology primarily consists of variegated sandstones, siltstones, claystones, and rare gravels and marls.[3] Many taxa have been found in the formation, including amphibians[4] and mammals[5]
| Balabansai Formation | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: Bathonian-Callovian ~ | |
| Type | Geological formation |
| Underlies | Hodzhiabad Formation[1] Cretaceous red beds |
| Overlies | Igrysai Svita[1] |
| Thickness | Up to 250 m (820 ft) |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Sandstone, siltstone, claystone |
| Other | Gravel, marl |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | 41.3°N 72.1°E |
| Approximate paleocoordinates | 40.9°N 76.2°E |
| Region | Ongtustik Qazaqstan oblysy, Jalal-Abad Region |
| Country |  Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Uzbekistan |
  Balabansai Formation (Kyrgyzstan) | |
Vertebrate paleofauna
Indeterminate Avialae remains located in Ongtustik Qazaqstan Oblysy, Kazakhstan.[2]
Fish
| Fish of the Balabansai Formation | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes | |
| Ferganamia | F. verzilini | A bowfin | ||
| Ferganoceratodus | F. jurassicus | A lungfish | ||
| Palaeobates | P. verzilini | An elasmobranch | ||
| Polyacrodus | P. balabansaiensis, P. prodigialis | A hybodont | ||
Amphibians
| Amphibians of the Balabansai Formation | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes | |
| Ferganobatrachus[6] | F. riabinini | Temnospondyl | ||
| Kokartus | K. honorarius | Salamander | ||
Turtles
| Turtles of the Balabansai Formation | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes | |
| Toxocheloides | T. narynensis | |||
| Xinjiangchelys | X. tianshanensis, X. latimarginalis | Xinjiangchelydae | ||
Lizards
| Lizards of the Balabansai Formation | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes | |
| Changetisaurus | C. estesi | Relative of Dorsetisaurus | ||
| Lacertilia | Indeterminate | |||
Choristoderes
| Choristoderes of the Balabansai Formation | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes | |
| Choristodera | Indeterminate | Similar to Cteniogenys | ||
Crocodyliformes
| Crocodyliformes | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes | |
| Sunosuchus | Indeterminate | |||
Dinosaurs
| Dinosaurs | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Presence | Material | Notes | |
|
P. sharovi[2] |
Geographically located in Ongtustik Qazaqstan Oblysy, Kazakhstan.[2] | ||||
| Ferganasaurus[7] | F. verzilini | Located within Kyrgyzstan | Basal Sauropod | ||
| Ferganocephale[3] | F. adenticulatum | Located within Kyrgyzstan | Dubious taxon, Neornithischia indet. | ||
| Neosauropoda indet.[3] | Family, genus and species indeterminate | Kyrgyzstan | A heavily worn tooth, the apex of a tooth crown, a left metatarsal I, and a right manual phalanx | ||
| Tetanurae indet.[3] | Family, genus and species indeterminate | Kyrgyzstan | Dozens of teeth | ||
| Stegosauria indet.[8] | Family, genus and species indeterminate | Kyrgyzstan | Four posterior dorsal vertebrae | May be as old as Adratiklit. Remains not diagnostic, given nomen nudum "Ferganastegos" by Roman Ulansky. | |
Pterosaurs
| Mammals | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes | |
| Rhamphorhynchinae indet.[3] | Genus and species indeterminate | Kyrgyzstan | ||
Mammals
| Mammals | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes | |
| Ferganodon | F. cf. naryensis | A eutriconodont | ||
| Paritatodon | Indeterminate | A docodont or a shuotheriid | ||
| Simpsonodon | Indeterminate | A docodont, multiple species present | ||
| Tashkumyrodon[9] | T. desideratus | A docodont | ||
| Amphilestidae | Indeterminate | |||
| Amphitheriidae | Indeterminate | |||
| Docodonta | Indeterminate | |||
| Paurodontidae | Indeterminate | |||
| Tegotheriidae | Indeterminate | |||
| Tinodontidae | Indeterminate | |||
| Triconodontidae | Indeterminate | |||
Invertebrate paleofauna
Flora
Conifers
| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Podozamites[10] | P. lanceolatus |
Ferns
| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cladophlebis[10] | C. whitbiensis | ||
| Coniopteris[10] | C. furssenkoi, C. hymenophylloides |
References
- De Pelsmaeker, Elien; Jolivet, Marc; Laborde, Amandine; Poujol, Marc; Robin, Cécile; Zhimulev, Fedor I.; Nachtergaele, Simon; Glorie, Stijn; De Clercq, Shana; Batalev, Vladislav Yu.; De Grave, Johan (2018). "Source-to-sink dynamics in the Kyrgyz Tien Shan from the Jurassic to the Paleogene: Insights from sedimentological and detrital zircon U-Pb analyses" (PDF). Gondwana Research. 54: 180–204. Bibcode:2018GondR..54..180D. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2017.09.004. ISSN 1342-937X.
- Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Late Jurassic, Asia)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 550–552. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.
- AVERIANOV, ALEXANDER O.; MARTIN, THOMAS; BAKIROV, AIZEK A. (January 2005). "Pterosaur and dinosaur remains from the Middle Jurassic Balabansai Svita in the northern Fergana Depression, Kyrgyzstan (Central Asia)". Palaeontology. 48 (1): 135–155. Bibcode:2005Palgy..48..135A. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2004.00437.x. ISSN 0031-0239. S2CID 55249438.
- Skutschas, Pavel P. (2013-10-01). "Mesozoic salamanders and albanerpetontids of Middle Asia, Kazakhstan, and Siberia". Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments. 93 (4): 441–457. doi:10.1007/s12549-013-0126-8. ISSN 1867-1594. S2CID 140159226.
- Martin, Thomas; Averianov, Alexander O. (2010-05-18). "Mammals from the Middle Jurassic Balabansai Formation of the Fergana Depression, Kyrgyzstan". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (3): 855–871. Bibcode:2010JVPal..30..855M. doi:10.1080/02724631003758045. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 128716878.
- AVERIANOV, ALEXANDER O.; MARTIN, THOMAS; SKUTSCHAS, PAVEL P.; REZVYI, ANTON S.; BAKIROV, AIZEK A. (2008-01-25). "Amphibians from the Middle Jurassic Balabansai Svita in the Fergana Depression, Kyrgyzstan (Central Asia)". Palaeontology. 51 (2): 471–485. Bibcode:2008Palgy..51..471A. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00748.x. ISSN 0031-0239.
- Alifanov, Vladimir R.; Averianov, Alexander O. (2003-06-17). "Ferganasaurus verzilini, gen. et sp. nov., a new neosauropod (Dinosauria, Saurischia, Sauropoda) from the Middle Jurassic of Fergana Valley, Kirghizia" (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 23 (2): 358–372. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2003)023[0358:fvgesn]2.0.co;2. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 85902362.
- Averianov, A. O.; Bakirov, A. A.; Martin, T. (2007). "First definitive stegosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Kyrgyzstan". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 81 (4): 440–446. doi:10.1007/BF02990255. ISSN 0031-0220. S2CID 129163170.
- Martin, Thomas; Averianov, Alexander O. (2004-03-25). "A new docodont (Mammalia) from the Middle Jurassic of Kyrgyzstan, central Asia" (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 24 (1): 195–201. Bibcode:2004JVPal..24..195M. doi:10.1671/15. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 55118845.
- Кузичкина, Ю. М. (1979). "Балабансайская Свита". In Министерство геологии СССР (ed.). Стратиграфический словарь СССР: Триас, Юра, Мелсборник [Stratigraphic Dictionary of the USSR: Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous] (PDF). Leningrad: Недра. p. 49.
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