Pop-up notification

The pop-up notification (or toast, passive pop-up, snackbar, desktop notification, notification bubble, or simply notification) is a graphical control element that communicates certain events to the user without forcing them to react to this notification immediately, unlike conventional pop-up windows. Desktop notifications usually disappear automatically after a short amount of time. Often their content is then stored in some widget that allows the users to access past notifications at a more convenient time.

Close-up of the upper right corner of a Lubuntu 12.04 desktop, showing a notification that informs the user that the battery has finished charging
Close-up of the upper right corner of a Windows 8 desktop, showing a notification that informs the user that a new removable drive is now attached

On mobile devices, a push notification system is typically used.

Support on different systems

In Windows 2000, Microsoft introduced balloon help-like passive pop-up notifications, tied to the notification area of the task bar. Notifications get queued when user is away or screensaver is running, and get shown when the user resumes activity. They remain on screen for nine seconds while fading out if the user appears to ignore them.[1] Microsoft also adopted similar notifications for its other software such as Windows Phone using the Microsoft Push Notification Service,[2] Internet Explorer 7 and later, Microsoft Outlook, Microsoft Security Essentials, as well as Windows 8 and Windows 10 using the Windows Notification Service.

A notification on Android that includes a progress bar

Desktop notifications are a proposed standard for freedesktop.org,[3] but all the major desktop environments running on the X Window System already support this standard, making them typically available on Linux and other Unix-like systems. Google adopted the concepts of notification drawer[4] and toast popup messages[5] for user notifications as basic components of its Android operating system.

As of 10.8 Mountain Lion, OS X provides desktop notifications via Notification Center. Previous versions of OS X have no built-in desktop notification feature; however, Growl is a popular application that provides similar functionality and enjoys broad support from third-party software.[6] iOS also includes Notification Center as of iOS 5.

Capabilities
Notification on Ubuntu Linux, showing buttons and a pie-like time-out indicator

While passive pop-ups do not require any user interaction, some implementations still provide a way for the user to optionally interact with the pop-up. This is called actions. For the Freedesktop specification, this is an optional feature that clients cannot rely on, and its use is discouraged by some design guidelines.[7]

Android adds the ability to provide actions with Jelly Bean.[8]

In the Material Design language

Google's Material Design introduced the term snackbar to refer to a user-interface element displaying a temporary, closable notification:

Snackbars inform users of a process that an app has performed or will perform. They appear temporarily, towards the bottom of the screen. They shouldn’t interrupt the user experience, and they don’t require user input to disappear.[9]

References
  1. "Notifications". Microsoft. Retrieved 20 August 2013.
  2. "Understanding Microsoft Push Notifications for Windows Phones". Microsoft. 3 May 2010. Retrieved 4 November 2015.
  3. Galago.
  4. "Notifications". Android Developers. Retrieved 20 August 2013.
  5. "Creating Toast Notifications". Android Developers. Retrieved 14 March 2011.
  6. List of applications supporting Growl.
  7. Ubuntu notification development guidelines.
  8. Android notifications guidelines.
  9. "Snackbars". material.io. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

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