Banu Khazrun

The Banu Khazrun were a family of the Maghrawa that ruled Tripoli from 1001 to 1146.

Banu Khazrun
1001–1146
CapitalTripoli
Common languagesArabic, Berber
Religion
Islam
History 
• Established
1001
• Disestablished
1146
Preceded by		Succeeded by
Zirid dynasty
Kingdom of Africa
Today part of

History

During the 10th century, the region of Ifriqiya and Tripolitania came under the control of the Fatimid Caliphate. After the Fatimids moved their capital to Cairo in the 970s, they left their territories in the Maghreb under the control of their vassals, the Zirid dynasty. After 1001, Tripolitania broke away from Zirid control under the leadership of Fulful ibn Sa'id ibn Khazrun, a leader of the Banū Khazrūn tribe, from the Maghrawa Berber confederation. This established the Banu Khazrun dynasty that lasted up to the mid-12th century.[1][2][3][4]

Fulful fought a protracted war against Badis ibn al-Mansur, the Zirid emir, and sought outside help from the Fatimid caliphs themselves in Cairo and even from the Andalusi Umayyads in Córdoba. After his death in 1009, the Zirids were able to retake Tripoli for a time. The region nonetheless remained effectively under control of the Banu Khazrun, who fluctuated between practical autonomy and full independence, often playing the Fatimids and the Zirids against each other.[5][6][2][7] The Zirids finally lost Tripoli to them in 1022.[8] In 1026-1027 they recognized the fatimids but they again declared independence in 1033-1034[9]

In 1143, Roger II of Sicily tried and failed to take Tripoli from Muhammad ibn Khazrun.[10] By 1146, a famine drove the city's inhabitants to expel the Banu Khazrun.[10] This afforded Roger the opportunity to finally capture the city in 1146 or 1147.[10][11][12] The dynasty's rule came to an end at this time[2] and the Normans extended their influence to the coastal cities in this region.[11]

References

Citations
  1. Oman, G.; Christides, V.; Bosworth, C.E. (1960–2007). "Ṭarābulus al-G̲h̲arb". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Brill. ISBN 9789004161214.
  2. Abun-Nasr 1987, p. 67.
  3. Fehérvári, Géza (2002). Excavations at Surt (Medinat Al-Sultan) Between 1977 and 1981. Department of Antiquities. p. 17. ISBN 978-1-900971-00-3.
  4. Khelifa, A. (2010-12-29). "Maghraoua - Maghrâwa (Tribu)". Encyclopédie berbère (in French) (30): 4486–4487. doi:10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.409. ISSN 1015-7344.
  5. Lewicki, T. (1960–2007). "Mag̲h̲rāwa". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Brill. ISBN 9789004161214.
  6. Garnier, Sébastien (2020). "Libya until 1500". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three. Brill. ISBN 9789004161658.
  7. Brett 2017, p. 128, 142.
  8. Brett 2017, p. 174.
  9. Bramoullé, David (2016-06-01). "L'émirat de Barqa et les Fatimides : les enjeux de la navigation en Méditerranée centrale au xie siècle". Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée (in French) (139): 73–92. doi:10.4000/remmm.9445. ISSN 0997-1327.
  10. Garnier, Sébastien (2020). "Libya until 1500". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three. Brill. ISBN 9789004161658.
  11. Cobb, Paul M. (2016). The Race for Paradise: An Islamic History of the Crusades. Oxford University Press. p. 157. ISBN 978-0-19-061446-1.
  12. Johns, Jeremy (2002). Arabic Administration in Norman Sicily: The Royal Diwan. Cambridge University Press. p. 34. ISBN 978-1-139-44019-6.

Sources
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