Barbie Forteza
Barbara Ambas Forteza (born July 31, 1997), professionally known as Barbie Forteza (Tagalog: [ˈbɐɾbɪ pɔɾˈtɛsa]), is a Filipino actress, comedian, dancer, singer, host, and vlogger. She is the recipient of several accolades, including both international and local awards.[2][3][4][5][6]
Barbie Forteza | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Born | Barbara Ambas Forteza July 31, 1997 | |||||||||
Occupations |
| |||||||||
Years active | 2007–present | |||||||||
Agent | Sparkle (2009–present) | |||||||||
Height | 1.52 m (5 ft 0 in) | |||||||||
Title | Kapuso Primetime Princess[1] | |||||||||
Partner | Jak Roberto (2016–present) | |||||||||
YouTube information | ||||||||||
Channels | Barbie Forteza | |||||||||
Years active | 2017–present | |||||||||
Genres |
| |||||||||
Subscribers | 1.38 million | |||||||||
Total views | 40.6 million | |||||||||
Associated acts | ||||||||||
| ||||||||||
Last updated: July 11, 2023 |
Early life
Barbara Ambas Forteza was born on July 31, 1997, in Biñan, Laguna, to Imelda Ambas and Tony Forteza. She has a sister named Gabrielle Forteza-Vierneza.[7]
Career
She is known for her roles such as young Jodi in GMA Network's remake of the 2003 South Korean television drama series, Stairway to Heaven and Cyndi Gomez in First Time.[8] Forteza also appeared in several movies such as: Tween Academy: Class of 2012, The Road and the indie film, Puntod in which she won as New Movie Actress of the Year in the 26th PMPC Star Awards for Movies.[9] In April 2013, Forteza released her self-titled album, Barbie Forteza under MCA Records with the carrier single, Meron Ba which was used as the theme song for GMA Network's Koreanovela, Big.[10]
In 2014, Forteza was chosen to play one of the lead roles in the television series, The Half Sisters, alongside Thea Tolentino.[11]
In August 2014, she won the Best Supporting Actress award in the new breed category at the 10th Cinemalaya Independent Film Festival, for the film Mariquina, portraying a teenage version of Mylene Dizon's character Imelda.[12]
In 2016, she won the Best Actress Award in 36th Fantasporto International Film Festival when she portrayed a sea gypsy for the indie film, Laut.[13] The film was also shown in the Pune International Film Festival.
Filmography
Television series
Year | Title | Role(s) | Network | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
2009 | Stairway to Heaven | young Jodi Reyes | GMA Network | [14] |
2010 | First Time | Cyndi Gomez | ||
Pilyang Kerubin | Charity Santos / Charity Dimaano | |||
2010–12 | Reel Love Presents: Tween Hearts | Barbara "Bambi" Fortez | ||
2010–11 | Jillian: Namamasko Po | Maggie Molina | ||
2011 | Nita Negrita | Antoinette / Nita Raymundo / Nita Negrita / Netnet | [14] | |
2011–12 | Ikaw Lang ang Mamahalin | Katherine Somera / Mylene Avelino Fuentebella | ||
2012 | Luna Blanca: Ang Ikalawang Yugto | teen Blanca Sandoval Buenaluz | ||
2012–13 | Paroa: Ang Kuwento ni Mariposa | Mariposa de Guzman / Princess Aira | [14] | |
2013 | Anna Karenina | Anna Karenina "Karen" Zamora / Anna Karenina "Karen" Villarama | ||
Genesis | Faith | |||
2014–16 | The Half Sisters | Diana Mercado Alcantara / Diana Mercado Valdicañas | [11] | |
2015 | Dangwa | Mary "Yaya May Flower" Catacutan | [15] | |
2016 | That's My Amboy | Maria Rosario "Maru" Carreon Tapang / Maria Rosario "Maru" Tapang Romero | [16] | |
2017 | Meant to Be | Maria Belinda "Billie" Bendiola | [17] | |
My Love from the Star | Herself | |||
2018 | Super Ma'am | Pearly | [18] | |
Inday Will Always Love You | Happylou "Inday" Magtibay Fuentes / Happylou "Inday" Fuentes-Melendez | [19] | ||
2019 | Kara Mia | Kara Machado Lacson | [20] | |
Love You Two | Venus | [21] | ||
2020–21 | Anak ni Waray vs. Anak ni Biday | Ginalyn Agpangan Escoto | [22] | |
2021 | Heartful Café | Corazon "Cors" | [23] | |
2022 | Mano Po Legacy: The Family Fortune | Steffy Dy | [24] | |
Mano Po Legacy: Her Big Boss | ||||
2022–23 | Maria Clara at Ibarra | Maria Clara "Klay" Infantes | [25] | |
2023–present | Maging Sino Ka Man | Monique Salazar- Santos/ Dino | ||
2024 | Pulang Araw | TBA |
Television variety shows
Year | Title | Note(s) | Network | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
2009–10 | SOP | Performer | GMA Network | |
2010–13 | Party Pilipinas | Performer / Co-host | ||
2013–15 | Sunday All-Stars | |||
2015–19 | Sunday PinaSaya | Supporting cast / Co-host | ||
2020; 2021–present | All-Out Sundays | Guest (2020); Main host / Performer (since 2021) | [26] | |
2023 | It's Showtime | Guest / Performer | Kapamilya Channel Jeepney TV A2Z GTV |
[27] |
Television comedy shows
Year | Title | Role(s) | Network | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
2012 | Tweets for My Sweet | Adele Reyes | GMA Network | [28] |
2013–16 | Vampire ang Daddy Ko | Girlie / Boyong | [29] | |
2016–18 | Pepito Manaloto | KatKat | [30] | |
2019 | Daddy's Gurl | Pureza | ||
2023 | Happy Together | Michelle Mendoza | [31] |
Television anthologies
Film
Year | Title | Role | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
2007 | Young Marionne (segment: Bangungot) | ||
2009 | Puntod | Baby | |
Ang Darling Kong Aswang | Aileen | ||
Wapakman | Patitang Meneses | ||
2010 | Si Agimat at si Enteng Kabisote | Bratty | [38] |
2011 | Tween Academy: Class of 2012 | Kara | [39] |
The Road | Ella | [40] | |
Ang Panday 2 | Bilara | [41] | |
2012 | Sossy Problems | Becca | [42] |
Si Agimat, si Enteng Kabisote at si Ako | Barbie | ||
2013 | My Little Bossings | Rosy | [43] |
2014 | Full Moon | Mica | |
Mariquina | Young Imelda | [44] | |
2015 | Saranghaeyo #ewankosau | Calixta "Kai" Luna | [45] |
2016 | Laut | Nadia | [46] |
Tuos | Dowokan | [47] | |
2017 | This Time I'll Be Sweeter | Erika | [48] |
2018 | Almost A Love Story | Baneng | [49] |
Discography
Albums
Year | Title | Album Details |
---|---|---|
2013 | Meron Ba |
|
Awards and recognitions
Year | Award Giving Body | Category | Nominated Work | Result | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2023 | 12th Northwest Samar State University Students' Choice Awards for Radio and Television | Best Actress in Primetime Teleserye | Maria Clara at Ibarra | Won | [50] |
The 5th Gawad Lasallianeta | Most Outstanding Actress in a Drama Series | Nominated | [51] | ||
7th GEMS Awards 2023 | Best Performance by an Actress in a Lead Role (TV Series) | Won | [52] | ||
Platinum Stallion National Media Awards | Best Drama Actress | Won | [53] | ||
4th VP Choice Awards | TV Actress of the Year | Nominated | [54] | ||
2022 | 3rd Annual TAG Awards Chicago | Best Actress | Nominated | [55][56] | |
LionhearTV RAWR Awards | Actress of the Year | Nominated | [57] | ||
Bida Ng Taon | Nominated | ||||
2020 | Bida Ng Taon | Anak ni Waray vs. Anak ni Biday | Nominated | [58] | |
2017 | 4th PEP List Awards | Female Comedy Star of the Year (Editor's Choice) | Herself | Won | [59] |
19th Gawad PASADO Awards | Pinakapasadong Katuwang na Aktres | Tuos | Won | ||
40th Gawad Urian Awards | Best Supporting Actress | Nominated | [60] | ||
The EDDYS | Best Supporting Actress | Nominated | [61] | ||
Luna Award | Best Supporting Actress | Nominated | |||
Young Critics Circle | Best Performance by Male or Female, Adult or Child, Individual or Ensemble in Leading or Supporting Role | Nominated | |||
Duo Performance: Best Performance by Male or Female, Adult or Child, Individual or Ensemble in Leading or Supporting Role (shared with Nora Aunor) | Nominated | ||||
9th Ani ng Dangal Awards | Ani ng Dangal Awardee | Laut | Won | [62] | |
2016 | 7th Inquirer Indie Bravo! Awards | Inquirer’s Indie Bravo Awardee | Included | [63] | |
36th Fantasporto International Film Festival | Best Actress | Won | [13] | ||
2015 | 38th Gawad Urian Awards | Best Supporting Actress | Mariquina | Nominated | [64] |
2014 | Cinemalaya Awards | Best Supporting Actress | Won | [65] | |
2010 | 26th PMPC Star Awards for Movies | New Movie Actress of the Year | Puntod | Won | [66] |
Year | Award Giving Body | Category | Result | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
2023 | Asia's Royalty Awards | Most Admired and Superb Actress of the Year | Won | |
2022 | Business Mirror | The 2022 Honor Roll | Included | [67] |
LionhearTV | The Year's 11 Most Memorable Female Performances | Included | [68] | |
2021 | 2nd Annual TAG Awards Chicago | Best Loveteam (with Jak Roberto) | Nominated | [69] |
2019 | Sunday PinaSaya Awards | Best Comedy Support | Won | [59] |
PMPC Star Awards for Movies | Movie Love Team of the Year (Almost a Love Story shared with Derrick Monasterio) | Nominated | [61] | |
2018 | Anak TV Awards | Makabata Star 2018 | Won | [59] |
YES! Magazine | 100 Most Beautiful Stars | Included | [70] | |
2017 | 31st PMPC Star Awards for TV | German Moreno Power Tandem (with Jak Roberto) | Won | [71] |
2016 | Walk of Fame Philippines | Eastwood City Walk of Fame Awardee | Included | [72] |
2014 | 6th PMPC Star Awards for Music | Best New Female Recording Artist | Nominated | [73] |
2013 | Candy Magazine Awards | Most Stylish Rising Star | Won | |
Candy Magazine Awards | Most Stylish BFF with Bea Binene | Won | ||
32nd Annual Huwarang Ina Awards | Most Outstanding Female Teleserye Artist | Nominated | ||
2012 | YES! Magazine | 100 Most Beautiful Stars | Included | |
2nd Yahoo! OMG Awards | Most Promising Actress of the Year | Nominated | ||
Party Pilipinas Most Liked Awards | Most Liked Loveteam with Derrick Monasterio | Nominated | ||
2011 | YES! Magazine | 100 Most Beautiful Stars | Included | |
2010 | FAMAS Award | German Moreno Youth Achievement Awardee | Won | |
1st Yahoo! OMG Awards | Awesome Young Actress | Won | ||
Google Zeitgeist 2010 | Top 10 Fastest Rising People | Top 2 | ||
FAMAS Award | Most Animated Celebrity of the Night | Won |
References
- Pornel, Atom (January 9, 2020). "Barbie Forteza finally claims Kapuso Primetime Princess title as she celebrates 10 years with GMA-7 | Pikapika | Philippine Showbiz News Portal". pikapika.ph. Retrieved November 4, 2022.
- Arsua, Koji (March 6, 2016). "Barbie Forteza Wins Best Actress at International Film Festival". When In Manila. Retrieved May 26, 2023.
- "Barbie Forteza wins Best Actress in Portugal". Yahoo News. March 8, 2016. Retrieved May 26, 2023.
- "Barbie Forteza: Bankable female star". PEP.ph. Retrieved May 26, 2023.
- "Jaclyn Jose, Barbie Forteza at Therese Malvar, pinarangalan sa 9th Ani na Dangal awards". www.gmanetwork.com. Retrieved May 26, 2023.
- Caoile, Gizelle (May 26, 2023). "KathNiel, Barbie Forteza, Julie Anne San Jose, and Dennis Trillo Are Seoul International Drama Awards 2023 Nominees". When In Manila. Retrieved May 26, 2023.
- Anarcon, James Patrick (January 28, 2022). "Barbie Forteza: Bankable female star". Philippine Entertainment Portal. Archived from the original on January 31, 2022. Retrieved January 31, 2022.
- PEP.ph (September 10, 2009). "Stairway to Heaven will air pilot episode on September 14 - PEP.ph: The Number One Site for Philippine Showbiz". pep.ph. Archived from the original on September 14, 2009. Retrieved November 29, 2009.
- Tuason, Doods (June 2010), "Today's Most Influential Kids, Tweens, and Teens", Star Studio: Guam Edition, Barrigada, GU: Yellow Pages Ink, vol. 1, no. 7, pp. 20–21
- PEP.ph (June 5, 2013). "Barbie Forteza releases her self-titled debut album - PEP.ph: The Number One Site for Philippine Showbiz". pep.ph. Archived from the original on August 12, 2014. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
- PEP.ph (May 23, 2014). "Barbie Forteza and Thea Tolentino to face off in The Half Sisters - PEP.ph: The Number One Site for Philippine Showbiz". pep.ph. Archived from the original on December 22, 2015. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
- PEP.ph (August 10, 2014). "Nora Aunor leads winners of Cinemalaya 2014 - PEP.ph: The Number One Site for Philippine Showbiz". pep.ph. Archived from the original on August 12, 2014. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
- "Barbie Forteza wins Best Actress award for indie film 'Laut' at an International Film Festival". www.gmanetwork.com. Archived from the original on March 10, 2016. Retrieved May 20, 2018.
- "IN PHOTOS: Barbie Forteza's on-screen love teams | GMA Entertainment". www.gmanetwork.com. Archived from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
- "Abangan si Ruru Madrid at Barbie Forteza sa 'Dangwa'! | GMA Entertainment". www.gmanetwork.com. Archived from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
- "Five things to know about Barbie Forteza-Andre Paras starrer That's My Amboy". PEP.ph. Archived from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
- "COMMENTARY: Barbie Forteza catches attention of four hunks in Meant to Be". PEP.ph. Archived from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
- "EXCLUSIVE: What you've missed sa pagpasok ni Barbie Forteza bilang Pearly sa 'Super Ma'am' | GMA Entertainment". www.gmanetwork.com. Archived from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
- "Inday Will Always Love You Archives - Page 3 of 3". LionhearTV. Archived from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
- "GMA Network's "Kara Mia" gets conflicting feedback; Barbie Forteza, Mika dela Cruz react". LionhearTV. January 17, 2019. Archived from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
- "Barbie Forteza at Andre Paras, muling magtatambal? | GMA Entertainment". www.gmanetwork.com. Archived from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
- "Anak ni Waray vs. Anak ni Biday". www.gmanetwork.com. Archived from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
- "Barbie kontrabida? Barbie Forteza, kinaiinisan ng mga manonood ng 'Heartful Café' | GMA Entertainment". www.gmanetwork.com. Archived from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
- Atilano, Joseph R. (December 19, 2021). "Young stars of 'Mano Po Legacy: The Family Fortune' talk about their Chinese traditions, practices". Archived from the original on December 29, 2021. Retrieved December 30, 2021.
- "Pilot episode ng 'Maria Clara at Ibarra,' nag-trend sa Twitter Philippines". Archived from the original on December 29, 2021. Retrieved October 4, 2022.
- "Barbie Forteza, balik-Sunday noontime show". PEP.ph. Retrieved November 4, 2022.
- For citations of Forteza's guesting on It's Showtime.
- Basco, Karl Cedrick (July 1, 2023). "History made: 'Showtime' debuts on GTV in grand, trending style". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved July 1, 2023.
- "Barbie Forteza makes waves online after 'It's Showtime' guesting". GMA News Online. July 1, 2023. Retrieved July 1, 2023.
- Roque, Nika (July 1, 2023). "Barbie, Gabbi, Sanya and many more will guest on 'It's Showtime's' first episode on GTV". GMA News Online. Retrieved July 1, 2023.
- ""Tweets for my Sweet," coming your way this May on GMA7". LionhearTV. April 25, 2012. Archived from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
- "Barbie Forteza expresses satisfaction over her title as Kapuso Primetime Princess". LionhearTV. March 11, 2021. Archived from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
- "Pepito Manaloto Teaser Ep. 259: JakBie sa 'Pepito Manaloto' this September 16". www.gmanetwork.com. Archived from the original on June 8, 2021. Retrieved June 8, 2021.
- "Barbie Forteza expresses satisfaction over her title as Kapuso Primetime Princess". GMA Network. March 1, 2023. Archived from the original on March 2, 2022. Retrieved March 1, 2023.
- "In Eat Bulaga's Lenten Special; Maine takes on most difficult role yet". www.philstar.com. April 3, 2017. Archived from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2021.
- Doña, Catherine. "WATCH: Barbie Forteza in 'Elehiya'". www.gmanetwork.com. Archived from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2021.
- "IN PHOTOS: Si Barbie Forteza bilang si Bonita Baran sa 'Magpakailanman' | GMA Entertainment". www.gmanetwork.com. Archived from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2021.
- "Barbie Forteza and Jak Roberto banner Wagas' second story "Wait Lang...Is This Love?" | GMA Entertainment". www.gmanetwork.com. Archived from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2021.
- "Barbie Forteza to show another iconic role in 'I Can See You: The Lookout' | GMA Entertainment". www.gmanetwork.com. Archived from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
- "Daig Kayo Ng Lola Ko: The real identity of Captain Barbie | Full Episode 3". www.gmanetwork.com. Archived from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2021.
- "GMANetwork.com - Pictures - List of GMA Pictures Projects". www.gmanetwork.com. Archived from the original on December 2, 2020. Retrieved November 26, 2021.
- "Meet Tween Academy: Class of 2012". Philstar.com. Archived from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2021.
- "Barbie Forteza got frightened while shooting The Road". PEP.ph. Archived from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2021.
- "GMA Films & Imus Productions launch Panday 2". Philstar.com. December 8, 2011. Archived from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2021.
- "The problem with being pa-sosy". Philstar.com. December 27, 2012. Archived from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2021.
- "Barbie Forteza, nagbigay ng ilang detalye sa horror movie nila ni Kris Aquino". PEP.ph. Archived from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2021.
- Ilaya, Felix. "Barbie Forteza shares her favorite scene from her 2014 indie film 'Mariquina'". www.gmanetwork.com. Archived from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2021.
- "Francis Magundayao and Jon Lucas fight over Barbie Forteza in EwanKoSau Saranghaeyo (I Lab Yu)". PEP.ph. Archived from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2021.
- "MOVIE REVIEW: Barbie Forteza gives face to minorities in Laut". PEP.ph. Archived from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2021.
- "CINEMALAYA 2016 REVIEW: Nora Aunor and Barbie Forteza have exemplary performances in Tuos". PEP.ph. Archived from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2021.
- "'This Time I'll Be Sweeter' review: Toxic romance". Rappler. November 11, 2017. Archived from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2021.
- "Barbie and Derrick's 'Almost a Love Story'". Manila Standard. Archived from the original on March 27, 2022. Retrieved November 26, 2021.
- "Barbie Forteza, David Licauco, and Andrea Torres win awards for 'Maria Clara at Ibarra' anew". GMA Entertainment. April 15, 2023. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
- "Gawad Lasallianeta nominates 'Maria Clara at Ibarra' for awards". The Asian Affairs. November 18, 2022. Retrieved January 5, 2023.
- "Kapuso talents and shows earn nominations at the 7th GEMS Awards". Head Topics. January 4, 2023.
- "'24 Oras,' 'Abot-Kamay Na Pangarap,' 'Maria Clara at Ibarra,' at iba pa, wagi sa 2023 Platinum Stallion National Media Awards". GMA Network (in Tagalog). December 12, 2022.
- Robles, Renzneil (January 13, 2023). "VP Choice Awards 2022: Official list of nominees". villagepipol.com. Retrieved January 17, 2022.
- "Mga artista ng Maria Clara At Ibarra nominado sa TAG Awards Chicago!". Abante Tonite (in Tagalog). November 4, 2022. Retrieved November 8, 2022.
- "Dingdong, Piolo nag-tie bilang best actor sa 2022 TAG Awards Chicago; Juancho itinanghal na best supporting actor". Abante News (in Tagalog). January 3, 2023.
- "RAWR AWARDS 2022". lionheartv.net. Retrieved January 17, 2022.
- "VOTE NOW! RAWR AWARDS 2020". lionheartv.net. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
- "#WINNER: Mga natanggap na award ni Barbie Forteza". gmanetwork.com. Retrieved January 17, 2022.
- Rappler (July 20, 2017). "FULL LIST: Winners & Nominees Gawad Urian Awards 2017". Rappler. Archived from the original on July 22, 2017. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
- "Barbie Forteza Awards". imdb.com. Retrieved January 17, 2022.
- "Jaclyn Jose, Paolo Ballesteros, Barbie Forteza, and Therese Malvar to be honored at the 9th Ani ng Dangal Awards". gmanetwork.com. GMA Network. Archived from the original on March 7, 2017. Retrieved February 13, 2017.
- "Inquirer Indie Bravo! toasts an a-list year for PH films". entertainment.inquirer.net. December 7, 2016. Retrieved January 17, 2022.
- "FULL LIST: Winners, Gawad Urian Awards 2015". June 16, 2015. Archived from the original on January 10, 2018. Retrieved May 20, 2018.
- "Winners of Cinemalaya Film Festival announced". GMA News Online. August 10, 2014. Archived from the original on August 12, 2014. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
- GMA New Media, Inc. "Barbie Forteza on what she'll miss the most in 'Anna Karenina'". gmanetwork.com. Archived from the original on August 12, 2014. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
- Gallardo, Ricky (December 27, 2022). "The 2022 Honor Roll". businessmirror.com.ph. Retrieved January 17, 2022.
- "Philippine Entertainment in 2022: The Year's 11 Most Memorable Female Performances". lionheartv.net. January 1, 2023. Retrieved January 17, 2022.
- "2021 TAG AWARDS CHICAGO: FULL LIST OF WINNERS AND OFFICIAL FINALISTS REVEALED". abnewswire.com (Press release). Retrieved January 17, 2022.
- "IN PHOTOS: Celebrities na kabilang sa '100 Most Beautiful Stars' 2018". gmanetwork.com. Retrieved January 17, 2022.
- "31st Star Awards for TV nominees revealed; JoshLia, JakBie to receive special awards". pep.ph. Retrieved January 17, 2022.
- "Jennylyn Mercado and Barbie Forteza earn their stars at German Moreno's Walk of Fame". gmanetwork.com. Retrieved January 17, 2022.
- "Barbie Forteza surprised by Star Awards nomination: "Hindi ko akalain!"". pep.ph. Retrieved January 17, 2022.