Barun Goyot Formation

The Barun Goyot Formation (also known as Baruungoyot Formation or West Goyot Formation) is a geological formation dating to the Late Cretaceous Period. It is located within and is widely represented in the Gobi Desert Basin, in the Ömnögovi Province of Mongolia.

Barun Goyot Formation
Stratigraphic range: Maastrichtian
~
Hermiin Tsav, a highly fossiliferous locality of the formation
TypeGeological formation
UnderliesNemegt Formation
OverliesDjadokhta Formation
Thicknessca. 110 m (360 ft)
Lithology
PrimarySandstone
Location
Coordinates43.5°N 99.8°E / 43.5; 99.8
Approximate paleocoordinates40.5°N 89.5°E / 40.5; 89.5
RegionOmnogov
Country Mongolia
ExtentGobi Desert
Barun Goyot Formation is located in Mongolia
Barun Goyot Formation
Barun Goyot Formation (Mongolia)

Description

It was previously known as the Lower Nemegt Beds occurring beneath the Nemegt Formation and above the Djadokhta Formation. It has been suggested that the Djadokhta and Barun Goyot Formations are lower and upper parts, respectively, of the same lithological unit and the boundary between the two does not exist. The stratotype of the Barun Goyot Formation is the Khulsan locality, east of Nemegt. At Nemegt, only the uppermost barungoyotian beds are visible. The Red Beds of Khermeen Tsav are also considered part of the Barun Goyot Formation. It is approximately 110 metres (360 ft) in thickness,[1] and was laid down roughly 72-71 million years ago. Given the new date for the start of the Maastrichtian (72.1 MYA) a basal Maastrichtian age seems probable. The Barun Goyot Formation preserves an environment of sand dunes, created from wind-eroded rocks (aeolian dunes).

Paleobiota of the Barun Goyot Formation
Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
 Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

Lizards
GenusSpeciesLocationMaterialNotesImages

Estesia

Estesia mongoliensis

An anguimorph
Gobiderma Gobiderma pulchrum A Monstersaur

Proplatynotia

Proplatynotia longirostrata

Mammals
GenusSpeciesLocationMaterialNotesImages
Asioryctes A. nemegtensis An eutherian.
Barunlestes B. butleri An eutherian.
Catopsbaatar C. catopsaloides A djadochtatheriid.
Chulsanbaatar C. vulgaris A multituberculate.
Deltatheridium D. pretrituberculare A tribosphenid.
Nemegtbaatar N. gobiensis A multituberculate.
Zofialestes Z. longidens A eutherian.

Alvarezsaurs
GenusSpeciesLocationMaterialNotesImages
Ceratonykus C. oculatus Hermiin Tsav "Partial skull with skeleton."[2][3] An alvarezsaurid.
Khulsanurus K. magnificus Khulsan "Partial skeleton, including cervical and caudal vertebrae, scapulocoracoids, humerus, and pubis."[4] An alvarezsaurid.
Ondogurvel O. alifanovi Nemegt "Partial postcranial skeleton," including dorsal and sacral vertebrae and hip and leg bones.[5] An alvarezsaurid.
Parvicursor P. remotus Khulsan "Partial vertebrae, pelvic girdle and hindlimbs."[6] An alvarezsaurid

Ankylosaurs
GenusSpeciesLocationMaterialNotesImages
Saichania S. chulsanensis Hermiin Tsav II, Khulsan [Three] skulls, mandibles, cervical vertebrae, dorsal vertebrae, ribs, sternum, scapulocoracoids, humerus, ulna, radius, manus, cervical half-rings, and osteoderms.[7][8][9] An ankylosaurid also known from the Nemegt Formation.
Tarchia T. kielanae Hermiin Tsav II, Khulsan [Two] partial skulls, osteoderms, and [three] undescribed specimens. [8][9] An ankylosaurid also known from a second species, T. teresae, which was found in the Nemegt Formation.
Zaraapelta Z. nomadis Hermiin Tsav A partial skull missing the rostrum. [8] An ankylosaurid known from a subadult individual.
Ankylosauridae indet. Indeterminate Hermiin Tsav Dorsal vertebrae, ribs, pectoral girdles, forelimbs, pelvic girdles, hindlimbs, and osteoderms. [10] An ankylosaurid known from a specimen preserved in a "resting posture".

Birds
GenusSpeciesLocationMaterialNotesImages
Gobioolithus G. major Gilbent, Khulsan "Five eggs."[11] Eggs probably laid by a bird.
G. minor Hermiin Tsav, Khulsan "Eggs with embryonic remains."[12][11] Eggs probably laid by Gobipipus.[12][11]
Gobipipus G. reshetovi Hermiin Tsav, Khulsan "Embryonic skulls and skeletons."[12] An enantiornithine.
Gobipteryx G. minuta Hermiin Tsav, Khulsan "Skulls and partial skeletons, and embryonic remains."[13][14][15] An enantiornithine. Also present in the Djadokhta Formation.
Hollanda H. luceria Hermiin Tsav "Partial hindlimbs from several specimens."[16][17] An ornithuromorph.
Protoceratopsidovum' P. fluxuosum Hermiin Tsav, Khulsan "Clutch of 19 eggs and isolated eggs."[18] Eggs probably laid by a bird.[11]
P. minimum Ikh Shunkht "Clutch of eggs."[18] Eggs probably laid by a bird.[11]
P. sincerum Hermiin Tsav "Partial egg."[18] Eggs probably laid by a bird.[11]
Styloolithus S. sabathi Khulsan "Partial eggs."[11] Eggs probably laid by a bird.

Ceratopsians
GenusSpeciesLocationMaterialNotesImages
Bagaceratops B. rozhdestvenskyi Hermin Tsav, Khulsan "Multiple specimens with partial to nearly complete skulls and skeletons."[19][20][21] A protoceratopsid. Gobiceratops, Lamaceratops, and Platyceratops are now considered synonyms of Bagaceratops.[20]
Breviceratops B. kozlowskii Khulsan "Two skulls and partial skeleton remains."[22][20] A protoceratopsid.
Udanoceratops? Indeterminate Baga Tariach "Partial juvenile specimen."[23] A giant leptoceratopsid.

Dromaeosaurs
GenusSpeciesLocationMaterialNotesImages
Kuru K. kulla Khulsan "Fragmentary skeleton."[24] A dromaeosaurid.
Shri S. devi Khulsan "Articulated skeleton lacking skull."[25] A dromaeosaurid.
Velociraptorinae indet. Indeterminate Hermin Tsav, Khulsan Not specified.[26][27] A dromaeosaurid.
Halszkaraptorines
GenusSpeciesLocationMaterialNotesImages
Hulsanpes H. perlei Khulsan Partial foot and skull bone[28] A halszkaraptorine
Natovenator N. polydontus Hermiin Tsav Partial articulated skeleton with skull[29] A halszkaraptorine

Pachycephalosaurs
GenusSpeciesLocationMaterialNotesImages
Tylocephale T. gilmorei Khulsan "Partial skull."[30][31] A pachycephalosaurid.

Oviraptorosaurs
GenusSpeciesLocationMaterialNotesImages
Conchoraptor C. gracilis Hermin Tsav, Khulsan "Multiple specimens with skulls and partial skeletons."[32][33][34][35][36] An oviraptorid. Also present in the Nemegt Formation.
Heyuannia H. yanshini Hermiin Tsav "Partial skulls and skeletons."[37][35][36] An oviraptorid. Originally identified as Ajancingenia and "Ingenia".
Nemegtomaia N. barsboldi Nemegt "Nesting specimen."[38] An oviraptorid. Also present in the Nemegt Formation.

Sauropods
GenusSpeciesLocationMaterialNotesImages
Faveoloolithus F. ningxiaensis Hermiin Tsav, Ikh Shunkht, Ologoy Ulan Tsav "Eggs, egg clutches and shells."[39] Eggs probably laid by a sauropod.
Quaesitosaurus Q. orientalis Shar Tsav "Partial skull."[40] A titanosaur.
Panoramic view of the Hermiin Tsav locality of the Barun Goyot Formation

See also

References
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  2. Alifanov, V. R.; Barsbold, R. (2009). Ceratonykus oculatus gen. et sp. nov., a new dinosaur (? Theropoda, Alvarezsauria) from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia. Paleontological Journal 43 (1): 94−106.
  3. Alifanov, V. R.; Saveliev, S. V. (2011). Brain structure and neurobiology of alvarezsaurians (Dinosauria), exemplified by Ceratonykus oculatus (Parvicursoridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia. Paleontological Journal. 45 (2), 183−190.
  4. Averianov, Alexander O.; Lopatin, Alexey V. (2021-11-18). "The second taxon of alvarezsaurid theropod dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous Khulsan locality in Gobi Desert, Mongolia". Historical Biology. 34 (11): 2125–2136. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.2000976. ISSN 0891-2963. S2CID 244421277.
  5. Alexander O. Averianov; Alexey V. Lopatin (19 February 2022). "A new alvarezsaurid theropod dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Gobi Desert, Mongolia". Cretaceous Research. 134: 105168. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105168. S2CID 247000540. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
  6. Karhu, A. A.; Rautian, A. S. (1996). A new family of Maniraptora (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia. Paleontological Journal. 30, 583−592.
  7. Carpenter, K., Hayashi, S., Kobayashi, Y., Maryańska, T., Barsbold, R., Sato, K., and Obata, I., 2011, "Saichania chulsanensis (Ornithischia, Ankylosauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia", Palaeontographica, Abteilung A, 294(1-3): 1-61
  8. Arbour, V. M.; Currie, P. J.; Badamgarav, D. (2014). "The ankylosaurid dinosaurs of the Upper Cretaceous Baruungoyot and Nemegt formations of Mongolia". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 172 (3): 631−652. doi:10.1111/zoj.12185.
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  10. Park, J.-Y.; Lee, Y. N.; Currie, P. J.; Ryan, M. J.; Bell, P.; Sissons, R.; Koppelhus, E. B.; Barsbold, R.; Lee, S.; Kim, S.-H. (2021). "A new ankylosaurid skeleton from the Upper Cretaceous Baruungoyot Formation of Mongolia: its implications for ankylosaurid postcranial evolution". Scientific Reports. 11 (4101): 4101. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-83568-4. PMC 7973727. PMID 33737515.
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