Battle, East Sussex

In 1066, the area was known for its salt production. Today's Netherfield ward is on the site of a settlement within a large wealthy ancient hundred called Hailesaltede.[3][4]

The town of Battle grew around the abbey, and later developed a reputation for the quality of the gunpowder produced in the area. The first gunpowder mill in Battle was built in 1676 when John Hammond was granted permission to build a mill on land owned by the abbey. A gunpowder works was located in Powdermill Lane – the remains of which have been converted into a hotel.

In 1722, Daniel Defoe described the town as being "remarkable for little now, but for making the finest gun-powder, and the best perhaps in Europe".[5] The Duke of Cleveland refused to renew the licence in 1847 after many mishaps,[6] including one occasion in 1798 when more than 15 tonnes of gunpowder were left in the oven for too long and exploded.

In the mid-18th century, the town supported five watchmakers in the High Street.

Battle was the birthplace in 1799 of Eliza Acton, author of the pioneering Modern Cookery for Private Families (1845) This sold well for the rest of the century. Its lists of ingredients, cooking times and other innovations provided a model for the cookery section of the best-selling Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management (1861).[7]

Battel Bonfire Boyes is claimed to be the oldest of the Sussex Bonfire Societies.[8] The importance of Bonfire Night in Battle is that it is located in the wooded Weald of Sussex. Most of the area was heavily wooded, which provided oak and other timbers for navy shipyards, power for making cannons (shipped to Portsmouth or Chatham), cannonballs and gunpowder.

Battle was a refuge in World War I, and tunnels still exist, leading from various fields and cellars to Battle Abbey. However, they are deemed unsafe and are closed.

Battle is governed at the lowest level by Battle Town Council, consisting of 17 elected councillors who meet on the third Tuesday of each month. The council is responsible for street lighting, allotments and recreational areas. It provides a local voice to the district and county councils.[9] It is split into four wards: Marley, Netherfield, Telham and Watch Oak, of which Marley was the only one contested in the 2007 election.[10] The vacant seats in the remaining wards have since been filled by co-option.

Rother District council provides the next level of government with services such as refuse collection, planning consent, leisure amenities and council tax collection. The parish of Battle falls within three wards. The main town of Battle makes up Battle town ward. The south-eastern area of the parish, which includes the village of Telham, lies within Crowhurst ward. The north-western area, which includes the village of Netherfield, lies within Darwell ward. Crowhurst ward provides a single councillor, the other two wards provide two councillors to Rother District council. In the May 2007 election, Battle town ward elected two Liberal Democrats,[11] Darwell ward elected one Conservative and one independent councillor.[12] Crowhurst ward was won by the Conservative candidate.[13] The electoral ward for this area had a population at the 2011 census of 5,312.[14]

East Sussex County Council is the third tier of government, providing education, libraries and highway maintenance. Battle falls within the Battle and Crowhurst ward. Kathryn Margaret Field, Liberal Democrat, was elected in the May 2005 election with 48.8% of the vote.[15]

The UK Parliament constituency for Battle is Bexhill and Battle. Huw Merriman (Conservative) was elected in the May 2015 election.

Prior to Brexit in 2020, Battle was part of the South East England constituency in the European Parliament.

Gatehouse of Battle Abbey

Telham Hill is 1.0 mile (1.6 km) south-east of Senlac Hill, and it was from Telham Hill that William the Conqueror's army first caught sight of the English army forming up on Senlac Hill, for the battle of Hastings, 14 October 1066. In the late 19th century it was owned and farmed by Samuel Carter as part of his Quarry Hill estate.[16][17]

The abbey is known as Battle Abbey, and it was dedicated to St Martin, sometimes known as the "Apostle of the Gauls". The abbey was founded to commemorate the battle, and dedicated in 1095. The high altar of the abbey church was reputedly on the spot where Harold died. The gateway is the dominant feature of the south end of the main street, although little remains of the rest of the abbey buildings. The remaining cloisters, part of the west range, were leased to Battle Abbey School shortly after World War I, and the school remains in occupancy.

Battle is famed for its old-fashioned High Street, with many shops and restaurants on either side.[18]

There are three Sites of Special Scientific Interest within the parish:

• Blackhorse Quarry, a site of palaeontological interest which has produced many fossil bones and teeth including Iguanodon and crocodiles.[19]
• Hemingfold Meadow is a site of biological interest consisting of two meadows with nationally rare grassland species.[20]
• Darwell Wood, another site of biological importance as an example of hornbeam coppice with oak standards is partially within the parish.[21]

Battle is linked to Hastings and London by the A2100 and A21. This section of the A2100 was the original A21.

Battle railway station (designed by William Tress) lies on the Hastings Line, north of Crowhurst and south of Robertsbridge. There was once a station called Mountfield Halt between Battle and Robertsbridge, but this closed on 6 October 1969.

The station is managed by and the services are provided by Southeastern.

In Anthony Burgess' novel Earthly Powers, Battle is the hometown of its main character, Kenneth Toomey, where Toomey's father has a dental surgery.

Battle is referenced frequently in songs by the alternative rock band Keane as several of the members grew up in the town. In the song "Sovereign Light Cafe" from the album Strangeland Powdermill Lane and the Battlegrounds are mentioned. Their songs "Snowed Under" and "Somewhere Only We Know" also mention the nearby woods of Manser's Shaw.[22]

British and Irish Lion Granville Coghlan was born in Battle,[23] and later became a schoolmaster.

• Saint-Valery-sur-Somme, France[24]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Battle, East Sussex.

• List of places of worship in Rother

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Battle.

• Battle, East Sussex at Curlie