The Bear, Oxford

The Bear (historically associated with The Bear Inn)[1] is a pub in Oxford, England, that was founded in 1774 as The Jolly Trooper.[2] It stands on the corner of Alfred Street and Blue Boar Street, opposite Bear Lane in the centre of Oxford, just north of Christ Church, on the site of St Edward's churchyard.[3] It was converted from the early 17th century residence of the stableman (ostler) for the coaching inn, The Bear Inn, which was on the High Street, Oxford. When The Bear Inn was converted into private housing in 1801, The Jolly Trooper changed its name to The Bear (or The Bear Inn).[2] There is a claim that by adopting its name, the current (1774) Bear Inn has acquired the history of the pub on the High Street, and so is one of the oldest pubs in Oxford.[4] In 1952 the then landlord, Alan Course, started a collection of tie ends; a selection of the over 4,500 ties are on display around the pub. The tie collection was used as part of the plot of Colin Dexter's novel Death Is Now My Neighbour, in which Inspector Morse consults the landlord in order to identify a club tie. The building was Class II listed in January 1954.

The Bear
View of The Bear from Bear Lane.
The Bear, Oxford is located in Oxford city centre
The Bear, Oxford
Location within Central Oxford
General information
Address6 Alfred Street, Oxford, United Kingdom
Coordinates51°45′05″N 1°15′21″W
Opened1242
Website
www.bearoxford.co.uk

The documented history of the site on the High Street has been traced to 1241, when Lady Christina Pady bequeathed the property to St Frideswide's Priory in return for having a private mass said for her for eternity; at that time it had a dwelling house, later called Parn Hall, but this burned down in 1421. There is evidence of an inn, Le Tabard, in existence by 1432 in addition to a neighbouring piece of land with shops at the rear. It was known as The Bear Inn by 1457, and by 1523 the land at the rear was part of the pub's property; it contained stables for the coaching horses, and was bounded to the south by St Edward's churchyard. During the Dissolution of the monasteries between 1536 and 1541 the priory was taken over by Thomas Wolsey, who created Christ Church on the grounds, and the "eternal" masses for Christina Pady ceased. In the early 17th century a dwelling for the pub stableman was built over St Edward's churchyard, and this dwelling was converted in 1774 to the present day pub, with evidence of skeletons from the churchyard still in the cellar. The Mitchells & Butlers pub, All Bar One on 124 High Street, along with the neighbouring shop, 123, now occupies the site of the original Bear Inn on the High Street.[5][6]

History

The Bear Inn, High Street

On 28 April 1241, Lady Christina Pady, the daughter of Ralph Pady, a burgher (important citizen) and Oxford mill owner,[7] and the widow of both Laurence Kepeharme (died c.1208), the first Mayor of Oxford,[8] and Jordan Rufus (died c. 1241–50), bequeathed to St Frideswide's Priory the land and property on the High Street that would, by 1432, be an inn (Le Tabard).[9][10] The bequest gave property at the western corner of High Street and Alfred Street, and property to the south near the corner of Alfred Street and Blue Boar Street,[9] which in total amounted to one messuage (a dwelling house with outbuildings) and four "seldis" (booths or shops), to the priory in return for the canons saying a mass for her for eternity,[7] though Christina Pady retained the right to live in and benefit from the properties while she lived.[9][10] In 1277, a Thomas Pope, with his wife and son, were given the tenancy of Parn Hall (Pirnehalle) – the messuage on the High Street – for the rest of their lives for a sum of two marks per year, with a deposit of 30 marks.[11] It is thought that the two properties bequeathed by Christina Pady (the dwelling house on the High Street and the four shops on Alfred Street) were joined at some point and formed the yard and buildings of what became The Bear Inn.[12] The original building, Parn Hall, burnt down in 1421.[2]

In 1432, there is mention of an inn known as Le Tabard being leased to John and Joan Berford.[12] It was known as The Bear Inn by 1457, and a transfer of tenancy from Robert Mychegood to Henry Stanley took place in 1522.[12] A lease dating from 1523 states that grounds of The Bear Inn was bounded on the south by the cemetery of St Edward's Church, which lay where the present pub, The Bear, stands.[3] The 17th century antiquarian Anthony Wood, in his Survey of the Antiquities of the City of Oxford (1661–66), mentions that during the time of Henry VIII (the first half of the 16th century), the landlord was Furres, and the place was known (perhaps informally) as "Furres Inne".[13]

The property of St Frideswide's Priory was acquired by Thomas Wolsey (also known as Cardinal Wolsey, chief advisor to Henry VIII, his Lord Chancellor, and the Archbishop of York ) during the dissolution of the monasteries.[14] Wolsey closed down the priory (ending Christina Pady's perpetual masses), and built Cardinal College (now Christ Church) on the grounds.[15] Following Wolsey's fall from grace in 1539, the land was taken over by Henry VIII, who, in 1545, sold parts of the property, including 123 and 124 High Street, to one of his courtiers Richard Taverner and his younger brother Roger.[16]

Richard Edes, an Elizabethan poet, playwright and clergyman,[17] in his Latin poem Iter Boreale, records the proprietor of The Bear Inn in 1583 as a Matthew Harrison, who had a pet bear named Furze (considered to be possibly a reference to the previous landlord, Furres).[18] The inn was fashionable in the 17th century, when judges and royal commissioners were among the patrons. The heir to the throne in Denmark visited in 1652. In the 18th century, the inn served as the depot for the "Oxford Machine" stage coach, which carried passengers to London for a fare of 10 shillings.[2]

The Bear Inn closed in 1801; after which the building was sold and divided into two.[6] At the time there were over thirty bedrooms, with stabling for a similar number of horses. The Mitchells & Butlers pub, All Bar One on 124 High Street, along with the neighbouring shop, 123, now occupies the site of The Bear Inn on the High Street.[5][6][19]

The Bear, Alfred Street
Some of the cut-off ends of neckties displayed at The Bear, 2010

The building on the corner of Blue Boar Street and Alfred Street, which now houses The Bear, was built in the early 17th century as the residence for the coaching inn's ostler. It was converted into a tavern, The Jolly Trooper, in 1774.[2] When The Bear Inn's premises on the High Street were rebuilt and converted into private housing in 1801, its business name transferred to the Jolly Trooper.[2][20][21] The land on which the present building was constructed was the churchyard of St Edward's church from c. 1122 to 1388; in 2018, human bones were found in the cellar which belonged to several bodies which had been buried in the churchyard.[3]

A distinctive feature of the Bear is a collection of over 4,500 snippets of club ties, started in 1952 by the landlord, Alan Course,[2] who had worked as a cartoonist at the Oxford Mail.[22][23] Tie ends were clipped with a pair of scissors in exchange for half a pint of beer. These were originally pinned to the wall, and are now displayed in glass-fronted cases on the walls and even the (low) ceiling. The ties mostly indicate membership of a variety of institutions, such as clubs, sports teams, schools and colleges.[24][25]

The building was Class II listed in January 1954, noting that the building is "Probably C17 but has been altered and modernised", and that it is timber framed, externally covered in stucco, though with some original frame work visible internally at the top of the staircase.[26]

In Robert Boris's 1984 comedy movie Oxford Blues, The Bear is where the main character, Nick Di Angelo, and his student friends occasionally meet to drink.[27] In Colin Dexter's novel Death Is Now My Neighbour, Inspector Morse seeks the aid of the pub's fictional landlords (and tie experts), Steve and Sonya Lowbridge, in identifying a tie from a photograph.[28] Oxford-educated Australian arts leader Anthony Steel recalls in his autobiography, Painful in Daily Doses: An Anecdotal Memoir, that Alan Course, the landlord, played the Last Post on his bugle, for a student lying in the middle of the street outside the pub.[29]

See also

References
  1. Derek S. Honey (1998). An encyclopaedia of Oxford pubs, inns and taverns. Usk: Oakwood. p. 19.
  2. Christopher Hibbert, ed. (1988). "Bear Inn". The Encyclopaedia of Oxford. Macmillan. pp. 35–36. ISBN 0-333-39917-X.
  3. Cotswold Archaeology (August 2018). Bear Inn, 6 Alfred Street, Oxford Archaeological Watching Brief (PDF). pp. 7–8. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  4. Benedict Le Vay (1 October 2011). Ben Le Vay's Eccentric Oxford. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 249. ISBN 978-1-84162-426-6. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
  5. Stephanie Jenkins. "Oxford History: The High". oxfordhistory.org.uk.
  6. "123, HIGH STREET". historicengland.org.uk.
  7. Douglas Macleane (1897). "A history of Pembroke college, Oxford, anciently Broadgates hall, in which are incorporated short historical notices of the more eminent members of this house". The Oxford Historical Society at the Clarendon Press. p. 9.
  8. "Laurence Kepeharm (d. c.1208) Mayor of Oxford from at least 1205–1207". oxfordhistory.org.uk. 13 January 2020.
  9. Spencer Robert Wigram (1895). Cartulary of St Frideswide's. Clarendon Press. p. 109.
  10. Douglas Macleane (1897). "A history of Pembroke college, Oxford, anciently Broadgates hall, in which are incorporated short historical notices of the more eminent members of this house". The Oxford Historical Society at the Clarendon Press. p. 10.
  11. Spencer Robert Wigram (1895). Cartulary of St Frideswide's. Clarendon Press. pp. 297–299.
  12. Herbert Edward Salter (1772). Survey of Oxford (1923 reprint). Oxford, Printed for the Oxford historical society at the Clarendon press. p. 16.
  13. Dana F. Sutton (27 August 2003). "Richard Eedes, Iter Boreale (1583) Commentary Notes". philological.bham.ac.uk. The University of California, Irvine. p. 259.
  14. David Horan (1999). Oxford: A Cultural and Literary Companion. Signal Books. p. 18. ISBN 9781902669052.
  15. James Willoughby (October 2015). "Thomas Wolsey and the books of Cardinal College, Oxford". Bodleian Library Record. 28 (2): 119.
  16. Julian Munby. "126 High Street" (PDF). Oxoniensia. Oxfordshire Architectural and Historical Society. xl: 258.
  17. David Morrison (25 September 2015). "Richard Edes 1555–1604". Worcester Cathedral Library And Archive Blog.
  18. Richard Eedes (1583), Iter Boreale cf. Furze with the previous name of the pub, Furres Inn{{citation}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  19. "124 AND 125, HIGH STREET". historicengland.org.uk.
  20. James Ingram (1837), Memorials of Oxford, vol. 3, John Henry Parker, p. 32, retrieved 18 February 2013
  21. Historic England (12 January 1954). "Bear Inn Public House (1047357)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 9 January 2013.
  22. "Alan Course, Cartoonist", Oxford Mail, 14 May 2012, retrieved 13 February 2013
  23. "Mail cartoonist Alan Course and friends at the piano", Oxford Mail, 12 November 2012, retrieved 13 February 2013
  24. "Tie Collector 1953". britishpathe.com.
  25. "Tie Collecting Aka Tie Cutting AKA Tie Collector 1955". britishpathe.com.
  26. Historic England 2022. "Bear Inn Public House, Alfred Street". historicengland.org.uk.
  27. Srishti Nirula (1 September 2014). "Fact vs fiction: Oxford university on film". oxfordstudent.com.
  28. Frank Hopkinson (7 November 2013). "Pubs in Literature". The Joy of Pubs. Portico. ISBN 978-1-909396-58-6.
  29. Anthony Steel (2009), Painful in Daily Doses: An Anecdotal Memoir, Wakefield Press, p. 19, ISBN 9781862548756
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