Beat reporting

Beat reporting, also known as specialized reporting, is a genre of journalism focused on a particular issue, sector, organization, or institution over time.

"Beat writer" redirects here. For the post-World War II literary subculture movement, see Beat Generation.

Description

Beat reporters build up a base of knowledge on and gain familiarity with the topic, allowing them to provide insight and commentary in addition to reporting straight facts. Generally, beat reporters will also build up a rapport with sources that they visit again and again, allowing for trust to build between the journalist and their source of information. This distinguishes them from other journalists who might cover similar stories from time to time.[1]

Journalists become invested in the beats they are reporting for, and become passionate about mastering that beat.[2] Beat reporters often deal with the same sources day after day, and must return to those sources regardless of their relationship with them.[3] Those sources may or may not be pleased with the reporting of the reporters.[3] It is pertinent that beat reporters contact their sources quickly, obtain all necessary information, and write on deadline.[3]

According to media sociologists, beat reporting occurs because of the limited time reporters are given to cover stories.[4] For big scoops, beats are not necessarily as useful as other journalism types.[4] Some of the best inside stories, such as the Bay of Pigs Invasion and the Watergate scandal, did not come from beat reporting.[4]

Beat reporters collect information from each person they meet while reporting.[5] They routinely call, visit, and e-mail sources to obtain any new information for articles.[5] When reporters have experience on a specific beat, they are able to gain both knowledge and sources to lead them to new stories relating to that beat.[5] Beats are able to help reporters define their roles as journalists, and also avoid overlap of stories within the newsroom.[5]

In sports, many professional teams have beat reporters assigned, such as for teams within Major League Baseball (MLB) or the National Football League (NFL).[6][7] Many beat reporters work for major websites such as MLB.com or The Athletic, or for major newspapers such as The Washington Post or Los Angeles Times.[8]

Etymology

The term comes from the noun beat in the sense of an assigned regular route or habitual path, as for a policeman. By analogy, the beat of a reporter is the topic they have been assigned for reporting.[9] Similarly, a beat reporter will follow the same routes or habitual paths in collecting new information on a specified topic. The role of the reporter is to deliver the news, show the story according to their perspective and observations, give us the insights, comment on it and to submit the report of the issues on the given period of time.[10]

Prizes

Several organisations award prizes for beat reporting, of which the Pulitzer Prize for Beat Reporting, discontinued in 2007, is possibly the best known. Other awards that have a category for beat reporting include the Gerald Loeb Awards,[11] the Canadian National Newspaper Awards,[12] and the SEJ Awards.[13]

References
  1. Ralph S. Izard; Hugh M. Culbertson; Donald A. Lambert (1994). "11. The Specialist at Work: Beat Reporting". Fundamentals of News Reporting. Kendall/Hunt. pp. 215ff. ISBN 0-8403-7607-3.
  2. Ryfe, D. M. (2009)Structure, agency, and change in an American newsroom. 665-683
  3. Scanlan, C. (2011). Beat reporting: what does it take to be the best. Poynter Institute.
  4. Berkowitz, Daniel A. (1997) Social Meanings of News: A Text-reader. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications
  5. Galbraith, K. (2010) The Capriciousness of Beats. Nieman Reports, 64(4), 5-6.
  6. Deitsch, Richard (July 28, 2022). "Covering NFL training camp: Six beat writers talk biggest challenges, storylines and more". The Athletic. Retrieved September 2, 2023.
  7. Beller, Michael (August 21, 2020). "Inside info: Our MLB beat writers identify potential changes for their teams". The Athletic. Retrieved September 2, 2023.
  8. Koblin, John (August 14, 2013). "The Best And Worst Baseball Beat Reporters, According To You". Deadspin. Retrieved September 2, 2023.
  9. V. S. Gupta (2003). Handbook of Reporting and Communication Skills. Concept Publishing Company. p. 50. ISBN 81-8069-043-1.
  10. "Beats in Journalism". Nimcj.org. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  11. "Gerald Loeb Awards". UCLA Anderson School of Management. Archived from the original on March 20, 2011. Retrieved October 20, 2011.
  12. "List of winners since 1949: Beat Reporting/Journalisme spécialisé". National Newspaper Awards. Retrieved October 20, 2011.
  13. "SEJ 2011 Awards — Rules". Society of Environmental Journalists. Archived from the original on July 4, 2011. Retrieved October 20, 2011.
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