Bernard Acworth

Captain Bernard Acworth DSO (3 February 1885 – 16 February 1963) was an English submariner, writer, evangelical Christian and creationist.

Captain

Bernard Acworth

D.S.O.
Bernard Acworth in 1934
AllegianceUnited Kingdom
Service/branchRoyal Navy Submarine service
Years of service1905 - 1931
RankCaptain

Biography

Acworth was trained at the Royal Naval College, Greenwich, becoming a submariner during the First World War and was awarded the Distinguished Service Order in 1917.[1] After retiring from the Royal Navy, he became a journalist and unsuccessful parliamentary candidate (in 1931 as a Liberal at Pontypridd and as an Independent at Putney in 1942). In 1932 Acworth, Douglas Dewar, Lewis Merson Davies[2] and Sir Ambrose Fleming launched the Evolution Protest Movement (later named the Creationist Science Movement), which was dedicated to opposing the teaching of evolution as a scientific fact. Acworth also corresponded with C. S. Lewis regarding his views on the incompatibility of evolution and Christianity.[3]

Acworth published some idiosyncratic views on biological matters. He claimed that birds, and other aerial migrants such as butterflies, do not migrate purposefully over particular routes, but wander aimlessly, their apparent routes a result of the prevailing winds at different seasons. He also believed that parasitic cuckoos are hybrids between male cuckoos and the females of the host species.[4]

Reception

His book This Bondage: A Study Of The "Migration" Of Birds, Insects, And Aircraft received positive reviews in two science journals.[5][6] For example the British Medical Journal described it as a "charming work that will be welcomed by all his fellow bird lovers for the very clear exposition which it contains of the principles of bird flight."[5] A more critical review in The Auk criticized the book for trying to discredit the evidence for evolution and noted that:

He fails to take the physical fact of inertia sufficiently into consideration, nor does he grant to most birds the superiority over normal meteorological conditions which they undoubtedly have. He builds up an elaborate theory in which zoological dispersal, migration, and other natural phenomena are dependent ultimately upon temperature plus the winds. While his deductions and reasoning are not without considerable value, they are undoubtedly of most value to one capable of realizing the weakness of Commander Acworth's ornithological information... In developing his own special theories he sets up one straw man after another and succeeds to his satisfaction in knocking it down.[7]

A review of his Bird and Butterfly Mysteries in the journal Bird-Banding was also negative:

The kindest possible appraisal of Captain Acworth's theories of migration is that they might be true if birds acted in the way he thinks they do and if they flew in an atmosphere in which there was no turbulence and in which the only winds were the prevailing winds of the climatic charts. But his theories do not hold in the imperfect real world in which ornithologists must work.[4]

Acworth received criticism from naturalists for not being a field observer, something which he confessed to. His arm-chair speculations such as his unorthodox ideas about cuckoos were disproven by observational research.[4][8]

Publications

Books authored by Acworth include:

  • 1929 This Bondage: A Study of the "Migration" of Birds, Insects, and Aircraft, with some Reflections on "Evolution" and Relativity. ASIN B0006AKPPY
  • 1930 The Navies of Today and Tomorrow. A Study of the Naval Crisis from Within. Eyre and Spottiswoode: London.
  • 1932 Back to the Coal Standard: The Future of Transport and Power. Eyre and Spottiswoode: London.
  • 1934 The Navy and the Next War. A Vindication of Sea Power. Eyre and Spottiswoode: London.
  • 1934 This Progress: The Tragedy of Evolution. Rich & Cowan: London.
  • 1935 The Restoration of England’s Sea Power. Eyre and Spottiswoode: London.
  • 1937 Britain in Danger: An Examination of Our New Navy.
  • 1940 How the War Will Be Won. Eyre and Spottiswoode: London.
  • 1940 What We Are Fighting For. Eyre and Spottiswoode: London.
  • 1940 The Navy’s Here! Raphael Tuck Books: London.
  • 1940 Life in a Submarine. Raphael Tuck Books: London.
  • 1944 The Cuckoo and Other Bird Mysteries. Eyre and Spottiswoode: London.
  • 1947 Butterfly Miracles and Mysteries. Eyre and Spottiswoode: London.
  • 1947 Swift: A Study. Eyre and Spottiswoode: London.
  • 1955 Bird and Butterfly Mysteries: Realities of Migration. Eyre and Spottiswoode: London.

References

  1. "Services in action with enemy submarines". The Manchester Guardian. 3 November 1917. p. 4. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
  2. "The Creationists (Ronald Numbers) - book review".
  3. Ferngren, Gary B. (March 1996). "C. S. Lewis on Creation and Evolution: The Acworth Letters, 1944–1960". PSCF. 48: 28–33. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 1 December 2012.
  4. Allen, William H. (1957). Reviewed Work: Bird and Butterfly Mysteries by Bernard Acworth. Bird-Banding 28 (1): 55-56.
  5. Anonymous. (1930). Reviewed Work: This Bondage: A Study Of The "Migration" Of Birds, Insects, And Aircraft, With Some Reflections On "Evolution" And Relativity by Bernard Acworth. British Medical Journal 1 (3606): 291.
  6. H. S. T. (1930). This Bondage: A Study of the "Migration" of Birds, Insects, and Aircraft, with some Reflections on "Evolution" and Relativity by Bernard Acworth. Science Progress in the Twentieth Century (1919-1933) 24 (96): 732.
  7. R. C. M. (1930). Reviewed Work: This Bondage: A Study of the "Migration" of Birds, Insects, and Aircraft, with Some Reflections on "Evolution" and Relativity by Bernard Acworth. The Auk 47 (4): 585-586.
  8. Pike, Oliver G. (1934). The Cuckoo's - Secret. The Spectator. p. 20
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