Bhrigu
Bhrigu (Sanskrit: भृगु, IAST: Bhṛgu) was a rishi in Hinduism. He was one of the seven great sages, the Saptarshis, one of the many Prajapatis (the facilitators of creation) created by Brahma.[1] The first compiler of predictive astrology, and also the author of Bhrigu Samhita, the astrological (jyotisha) classic, Bhrigu is considered a manasaputra ("mind-born-son") of Brahma. The adjectival form of the name, Bhargava, is used to refer to the descendants and the school of Bhrigu. According to Manusmriti, Bhrigu was a compatriot of and lived during the time of Manu, the progenitor of humanity.[2] Along with Manu, Bhrigu had made important contributions to the Manusmriti, which was constituted out of a sermon to a congregation of saints in the state of Brahmavarta, after the great floods in this area.[3] As per the Skanda Purana, Bhrigu migrated to Bhrigukaccha, modern Bharuch, on the banks of the Narmada river in Gujarat, leaving his son Chyavana at Dhosi Hill.
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| Affiliation | Saptarishi |
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| Spouse | Khyati, Kavyamata and Puloma |
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He was married to Khyati, one of the nine daughters of Prajapati Kardama. She is the daughter of Prajapati Daksha. She was the mother of Lakshmi as Bhargavi. [4] They also had two sons named Dhata and Vidhata. He had one more son with Kavyamata (Usana), who is better known than Bhrigu himself – Shukra, learned sage and guru of the asuras. The sage Chyavana is also said to be his son with Puloma, as is the folk hero Mrikanda.[5] [Maha:1.5] One of his descendants was sage Jamadagni, who in turn was the father of sage Parashurama, considered an avatar of Vishnu.[6][7][8]
Legends
Bhrigu is mentioned in the Shiva Purana and the Vayu Purana, where he is shown present during the great yajna of Daksha (his father-in-law).[9] He supports the continuation of the Daksha yajna even after being warned that without an offering for Shiva, it was asking for a catastrophe for everyone present there. In the Tattiriya Upanishad, he is described to have had a conversation with his father Varuni on Brahman.
In the Bhagavad Gita, Krishna says that among sages, Bhrigu is representative of the opulence of God.[10]
Testing the Trimurti
The Bhagavata Purana describes a legend in which a sages gathered at the bank of the river Sarasvati to participate in a great yajna. The gathered sages could not decide who among the Trimurti (supreme trinity) of Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva was pre-eminent and should be the recipient of the yajna. They deputed Bhrigu to determine this answer.[11]
Upon being entrusted with the task, Bhrigu decided to test each of the Trimurti. He first visited Brahma at Satyaloka, and to test his patience, he refused to sing in his praise or prostrate before him. Brahma grew angry, but realised that his son was testing him and allowed him to pass. Bhrigu left for Kailasha, the abode of Shiva. Upon seeing the sage, Shiva rose to his feet and moved forward with great joy to embrace the sage. Bhrigu, however, refused the embrace, and tested him by calling the deity a maligner of social conventions and rituals. Shiva was infuriated and prepared to strike the sage with his trident, but was calmed by his consort, Parvati. The sage then travelled to the abode of Vishnu, Vaikuntha.[11] Vishnu was resting his head on the lap of Lakshmi when the sage arrived. Bhrigu kicked Vishnu on the chest to wake him up, enraged by the perceived insult. Vishnu woke up, greeted Bhrigu, and starting massaging his feet, regarding his chest to have been sanctified due to its contact with the sage's foot. Overpowered with emotion, Bhrigu went back to the sages and declared Vishnu to be the greatest among the Trimurti.[12][13]
According to some traditions, Vishnu's consort Lakshmi grew angry at him because the chest was considered as Lakshmi's place (vakshasthala) and left Vaikuntha to be born on earth as Bhargavi.[11]
A variation of this is the legend behind Tirupati, in which a furious Lakshmi is born as Padmavati on earth and Vishnu assumes the form of Srinivasa and Venkateswara.[14]
Associated sites
Bhrigu is regarded to have had his ashram (hermitage) on the Vadhusar River, a tributary of the Drishadwati River near Dhosi Hill in the state of Brahmavarta,[15] presently on the border of Haryana and the Jhunjhunu district of Rajasthan in India.[16][17]
His son Chyavana, known for Chyavanprash also had his Ashram at Dhosi Hill. Bhrigu is also worshipped at Bharuch, Swamimalai, Tirumala, Ballia, Nanguneri, Thiruneermalai, Mannargudi.
An ashram for Bhrigu is in Maruderi, Kanchipuram district in Tamil Nadu. Khedbrahma in Gujarat is associated with Brahma and Bhrigu's legend of testing Trinity. Lastly, Bhrigu migrated to Bhuinj Satara, Maharashtra where he took Samadhi. His ashram and his daughter's Laxmi's temple also situated there. His son Chyavana's ashram and samadhi are also situated on Chyavaneshwar hill near Bhuinj.
Literature
Upanishads
In Taittriya Upanishad first six anuvakas of Bhrigu Valli are called Bhargavi Varuni Vidya, which means "the knowledge Bhrigu got from (his father) Varuni". It is in these anuvakas that sage Varuni advises Bhrigu with one of the oft-cited definition of Brahman, as "that from which beings originate, through which they live, and in which they re-enter after death, explore that because that is Brahman".[18] This thematic, all encompassing, eternal nature of reality and existence develops as the basis for Bhrigu's emphasis on introspection and inwardization, to help peel off the outer husks of knowledge, in order to reach and realize the innermost kernel of spiritual self-knowledge.[18]
Bhrigu Samhita
Bhrigu decided to write his famous books of astrology, the Bhrigu Samhita. Bhrigu collected birth charts, wrote full-life predictions and compiled them together as Bhrigu Samhita. Bhrigu Samhita is believed to be one of the first book of its kind in the field of astrology.[19][20][21][22][23]
References
- Narada said.. The Mahabharata translated by Kisari Mohan Ganguli (1883 -1896), Book 2: Sabha Parva: Lokapala Sabhakhayana Parva, section:XI. p. 25 And Daksha, Prachetas, Pulaha, Marichi, the master Kasyapa, Bhrigu, Atri, and Vasistha and Gautama, and also Angiras, and Pulastya, Kraut, Prahlada, and Kardama, these Prajapatis, and Angirasa of the Atharvan Veda, the Valikhilyas, the Marichipas; Intelligence, Space, Knowledge, Air, Heat, Water, Earth, Sound, Touch, Form, Taste, Scent; Nature, and the Modes (of Nature), and the elemental and prime causes of the world – all stay in that mansion beside the Lord Brahma. And Agastya of great energy, and Markandeya, of great ascetic power, and Jamadagni and Bharadwaja, and Samvarta, and Chyavana, and exalted Durvasa, and the virtuous Rishyasringa, the illustrious 'Sanatkumara' of great ascetic merit and the preceptor in all matters affecting Yoga..."
- Gopal, Madan (1990). K.S. Gautam (ed.). India through the ages. Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. p. 78.
- A.V. Sankran, Saraswati – the ancient river lost in the desert, Current Science, 1997, Vol. 72, pages 160–61
- "Bhrigu". Glorious Hinduism. 2 July 2019. Retrieved 4 July 2020.
- The Vishnu Purana a System of Hindu Mythology and Tradition Translated from the Original Sanskrit, and Illustrated by Notes Derived Chiefly from Other Puranas by the Late H.H. Wilson: 1. Trubner. 1864. pp. 152–.
- Subodh Kapoor (2004). A Dictionary of Hinduism: Including Its Mythology, Religion, History, Literature, and Pantheon. Cosmo Publications. pp. 185–. ISBN 978-81-7755-874-6.
- George Mason Williams (2003). Handbook of Hindu Mythology. ABC-CLIO. pp. 160–161. ISBN 978-1-57607-106-9.
- Yves Bonnefoy; Wendy Doniger (1993). Asian Mythologies. University of Chicago Press. pp. 82–83. ISBN 978-0-226-06456-7.
- Vishnu Purana SACRIFICE OF DAKSHA (From the Vayu Purana.) The Vishnu Purana, translated by Horace Hayman Wilson, 1840. 67:6.
- Bhagavad Gītā – Chapter 10 Verse 25
- Satish 2014.
- Tapasyananda, Swami. Srimad Bhagavata Volume – 3. Sri Ramakrishna Math(vedantabooks.org). p. 743.
- Coulter, Charles Russell; Turner, Patricia (4 July 2013). Encyclopedia of Ancient Deities. Routledge. p. 228. ISBN 978-1-135-96397-2.
- Dalal, Roshen (2010). Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide. Penguin Books India. p. 453. ISBN 978-0-14-341421-6.
- Mahabharta, Van Parv, page 1308, Geeta Press, Gorakhpur
- Sudhir Bhargava, "Location of Brahmavarta and Drishadwati river is important to find earliest alignment of Saraswati river" Seminar, Saraswati river-a perspective, Nov. 20–22, 2009, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, organised by: Saraswati Nadi Shodh Sansthan, Haryana, Seminar Report: pages 114–117
- Padampuran
- Paul Deussen, Sixty Upanishads of the Veda, Volume 1, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-8120814684, pages 241-246
- Koʻmarhanʻ, Mranʻ mā Nuiṅʻ ṅaṃ Samuiṅʻʺ (2005). Myanmar Historical Commission conference proceedings. Myanmar Historical Commission, Golden Jubilee Publication Committee. Retrieved 12 August 2018.
- Experts, Disha (1 May 2017). The History Compendium for IAS Prelims General Studies CSAT Paper 1, UPSC & State PSC (Second ed.). Disha Publication. ISBN 978-9386323446.
- Rao, T.M. (2008). Bhrigu Samhita. Pustak Mahal. ISBN 978-8122310214. Retrieved 12 August 2018.
- Eyzdagird, Erhiem (16 March 2018). Bhrigu Samhita: el Primer Libro de Astrología Védica: Traducción Al Español de Manuscritos de Hojas Del período Védico. Independently Published. ISBN 978-1980573210. Retrieved 12 August 2018.
- Lane, David (18 March 2011). The World's Oldest Astrological Book: The Bhrigu Samhita of Ancient India. MSAC Philosophy Group.