Big-headed African mole-rat

Big-headed african mole rat
	Sanetti Plateau, Ethiopia
Conservation status
	; Endangered (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Rodentia
Family:	Spalacidae
Genus:	Tachyoryctes
Species:	T. macrocephalus
Binomial name
	Tachyoryctes macrocephalus; Rüppell, 1842
Synonyms
	Tachyoryctes hecki Neumann & Rümmler 1928

The big-headed African mole rat (Tachyoryctes macrocephalus), also known as the giant root-rat, Ethiopian African mole rat, or giant mole rat, is a rodent species in the family Spalacidae.[2] It is endemic to Ethiopia's Bale Mountains.[3] Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland,[1] where it can reach densities of up to 2,600 individuals per square kilometre.[3] It is threatened by habitat loss.[1] Where the two species overlap, it is the main prey of the endangered Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis).[3]

Big-headed African mole rats are highly distinctive in their large size, especially that of their heads. They are a mottled golden-brown in color, and are soft-furred.[3]

While the other mole rats not only live but also feed underground, this species mostly forages above ground, by digging a new tunnel to a patch of herbage. It forages for about 20 minutes, until it has exhausted the supply of herbs about its tunnel, after which it blocks the tunnel it has built from the inside. It mostly eats grasses and herbs, with some individuals feeding mostly on roots.[4] It retains its specialisations for digging tunnels because of the constant threat of predators, especially the Ethiopian wolf, which is specialised to a diet of mole rats. Ethiopian wolves catch mole rats by ambushing them after they have constructed a new foraging tunnel, chasing them into their tunnel, and then vigilantly waiting for them to resurface. These mole rats have evolved defenses other than flight, though, being very cautious and having incisors large enough to severely injure potential predators.[3]

References

Corti, M. & Lavrenchenko, L. (2016). "Tachyoryctes macrocephalus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016.old-form url
Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M., eds. (2005). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
Kingdon, Jonathan (1989). Island Africa: The Evolution of Africa's Rare Plants and Animals. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-08560-9.
Yalden, D. W. (24 May 1985). "Tachyoryctes macrocephalus" (PDF). Mammalian Species. The American Society of Mammalologists (237): 1–3. doi:10.2307/3503827. JSTOR 3503827.

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[redlist-1] Corti, M. & Lavrenchenko, L. (2016). "Tachyoryctes macrocephalus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016.old-form url

[MSW3-2] Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M., eds. (2005). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

[Kingdon-3] Kingdon, Jonathan (1989). Island Africa: The Evolution of Africa's Rare Plants and Animals. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-08560-9.

[Yalden-4] Yalden, D. W. (24 May 1985). "Tachyoryctes macrocephalus" (PDF). Mammalian Species. The American Society of Mammalologists (237): 1–3. doi:10.2307/3503827. JSTOR 3503827.