Bisabolol

Bisabolol, or more formally α-(−)-bisabolol or also known as levomenol,[1] is a natural monocyclic sesquiterpene alcohol. It is a colorless viscous oil that is the primary constituent of the essential oil from German chamomile (Matricaria recutita) and Myoporum crassifolium.[2] High concentrations of bisabolol can also be found in certain medicinal cannabis cultivars. It is poorly soluble in water and glycerine, but soluble in ethanol.[3] The enantiomer, α-(+)-bisabolol, is also found naturally but is rare. Synthetic bisabolol is usually a racemic mixture of the two, α-(±)-bisabolol. It is the terpenoid responsible for distinctive aroma of chamomile flowers, and when isolated, its scent has also has been likened to apples, sugar and honey.

α-(−)-Bisabolol
α-(−)-Bisabolol
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
(2S)-6-Methyl-2-[(1S)-4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl]hept-5-en-2-ol
Other names
Levomenol
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
5733954
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.041.279
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C15H26O/c1-12(2)6-5-11-15(4,16)14-9-7-13(3)8-10-14/h6-7,14,16H,5,8-11H2,1-4H3
    Key: RGZSQWQPBWRIAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • InChI=1/C15H26O/c1-12(2)6-5-11-15(4,16)14-9-7-13(3)8-10-14/h6-7,14,16H,5,8-11H2,1-4H3/t14-,15+/m1/s1
    Key: RGZSQWQPBWRIAQ-CABCVRREBV
  • InChI=1/C15H26O/c1-12(2)6-5-11-15(4,16)14-9-7-13(3)8-10-14/h6-7,14,16H,5,8-11H2,1-4H3/t14-,15+/m1/s1
    Key: RGZSQWQPBWRIAQ-CABCVRREBV
  • O[C@@](C)(CC\C=C(/C)C)[C@@H]1C/C=C(/C)CC1
Properties
C15H26O
Molar mass 222.372 g·mol−1
Density 0.92 g cm−3
Boiling point 153 °C (307 °F; 426 K) at 12 mmHg
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

Bisabolol has a weak sweet floral aroma and is used in various fragrances. It has also been used for hundreds of years in cosmetics because of its skin healing properties including reducing wrinkles, skin toughness and repairing sun-damaged skin, and more recently it has been compounded with tretinoin as a topical treatment for acne.[4] Bisabolol is known to have anti-irritant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial properties.[5][6] Bisabolol is also demonstrated to enhance the percutaneous absorption of certain molecules and has found use as a penetration enhancer: an agent used in topical formulations, increasing the substances propensity for absorption beneath the skin.[4][7]

A structurally related compound known as β-bisabolol (CAS registry number [15352-77-9]) differs only in the position of the tertiary alcohol functional group.

β-Bisabolol

References
  1. Rohstoff-Lexikon Bisabolol Archived February 20, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  2. Bisabolol (in english) Archived October 10, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  3. M. Eggersdorfer (2005). "Terpenes". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a26_205. ISBN 3-527-30673-0.
  4. Loyd V. Allen Jr (2013). Tretinoin 0.5 mg/g and α-Bisabolol 1 mg/g Gel and discussion on its use.
  5. Rocha, Nayrton Flávio Moura; Rios, Emiliano Ricardo Vasconcelos; Carvalho, Alyne Mara Rodrigues; Cerqueira, Gilberto Santos; Lopes, Amanda de Araújo; Leal, Luzia Kalyne Almeida Moreira; Dias, Marília Leite; de Sousa, Damião Pergentino; de Sousa, Francisca Cléa Florenço (December 2011). "Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of (-)-α-bisabolol in rodents". Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology. 384 (6): 525–533. doi:10.1007/s00210-011-0679-x. ISSN 1432-1912. PMID 21870032. S2CID 12654188.
  6. Rodrigues, Fabíola Fernandes Galvão; Colares, Aracélio Viana; Nonato, Carla de Fatima Alves; Galvão-Rodrigues, Fabío Fernandes; Mota, Magaly Lima; Moraes Braga, Maria Flaviana Bezerra; Costa, José Galberto Martins da (December 2018). "In vitro antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from Vanillosmopsis arborea Barker (Asteraceae) and its major constituent, α-bisabolol". Microbial Pathogenesis. 125: 144–149. doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2018.09.024. PMID 30219391. S2CID 52282324.
  7. Kamatou, Guy P. P.; Viljoen, Alvaro M. (2010). "A Review of the Application and Pharmacological Properties of α-Bisabolol and α-Bisabolol-Rich Oils". Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. 87 (1): 1–7. doi:10.1007/s11746-009-1483-3. S2CID 95169851.
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