Tegillarca granosa

Tegillarca granosa (also known as Anadara granosa[2]) is a species of ark clam known as the blood cockle or blood clam due to the red haemoglobin liquid inside the soft tissues. It is found throughout the Indo-Pacific region from the eastern coast of South Africa northwards and eastwards to Southeast Asia, Australia, Polynesia, and up to northern Japan. It lives mainly in the intertidal zone at one to two metres water depth, burrowed down into sand or mud. Adult size is about 5 to 6 cm long and 4 to 5 cm wide.[3]

Right and left valve of the same specimen:

  • Right valve
    Right valve
  • Left valve
    Left valve
The blood cockle is the main clam variety raised in the mud flats of Anhai Bay off Shuitou, Fujian.[4]

Tegillarca granosa
Shell of Tegillarca granosa (specimen at MNHN, Paris)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Bivalvia
Order: Arcida
Family: Arcidae
Genus: Tegillarca
Species:
T. granosa
Binomial name
Tegillarca granosa
Synonyms
  • Anadara bisenensis Schrenck & Reinhart, 1938
  • Anadara granosa (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Anadara thackwayi Iredale, 1927
  • Anomalocardia pulchella Dunker, 1868
  • Arca aculeata Bruguière, 1789
  • Arca corbicula Gmelin, 1791
  • Arca corbula Dillwyn, 1817
  • Arca granosa (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Arca granosa kamakuraensis Noda, 1966
  • Arca nodulosa Lightfoot, 1786 (invalid: junior homonym of Arca nodulosa O. F. Müller, 1776)
  • Arca obessa Kotaka, 1953
  • Tegillarca granosa bessalis Iredale, 1939

It has a high economic value as food, and it is kept in aquaculture. On the coast of Zhejiang Province alone, blood cockle plantations occupy around 145,000 mu (about 100 km2) of mudflats.[5] These clams are raised in the river estuaries of the neighboring Fujian Province as well.[4]

The meat of this bivalve is served steamed, boiled, roasted, or traditionally raw.

Safety

Some sources of blood cockle may not undergo the depuration process. Therefore, certain styles of preparation, such as the poaching commonly carried out in Shanghai, can leave many pathogens present.[6]

Culinary use

In Korea, blood cockles are called kkomak (꼬막) and are cooked and seasoned with soy sauce, chili powder, and sesame oil.[7]

  • Unprepared kkomak (blood cockles)
    Unprepared kkomak (blood cockles)
  • Prepared kkomak (blood cockles)
    Prepared kkomak (blood cockles)
  • Kkomak-muchim (seasoned blood cockles)
    Kkomak-muchim (seasoned blood cockles)

In Indonesia, blood cockles (local: kerang darah) are quite popular food and are served as various dishes including boiled, deep fried or sauteed. [8]

References
  1. "Tegillarca granosa (Linnaeus, 1758)". World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
  2. (pata de mula)SPECIES: Tegillarca granosa (Malaysian cockle)(Anadara granosa)
  3. Pathansali, D. (1966). Notes on the biology of the cockle, Anadara granosa L. Proc. Indo-Pacific Fish. Counc. 11:84-98
  4. Ruǎn Jīnshān; Li Xiùzhū; Lín Kèbīng; Luō Dōnglián; Zhōu Chén; Cài Qīnghǎi (阮金山;李秀珠;林克冰;罗冬莲;周宸;蔡清海), 安海湾南岸滩涂养殖贝类死亡原因调查分析 (Analysis of the causes of death of farmed shellfish on the mudflats in the southern part of Anhai Bay), 《福建水产》 (Fujian Aquaculture), 2005-04
  5. 泥蚶抗高氨氮、高硫化物家系选育 (Breeding mud cockle varieties resistant to high-nitrogen, high-sulfide environment). (The numbers are as of 2009)
  6. "Shanghai getting tougher on blood clam ban - People's Daily Online".
  7. Chung, Da-young (December 2015). "Cockles". KOREA. Vol. 11, no. 12. Korean Culture and Information Service. ISSN 2005-2162. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
  8. "8 Resep olahan kerang dara paling enak, sehat, sederhana, dan praktis". 16 July 2020.
  • Leung KF. & Morton B. (2003). Effects of long-term anthropogenic perturbations on three subtidal epibenthic molluscan communities in Hong Kong. In: Morton B, editor. Proceedings of an International Workshop Reunion Conference, Hong Kong: Perspectives on Marine Environment Change in Hong Kong and Southern China, 1977-2001. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong. pp 655-717
  • Liu, J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). Checklist of marine biota of China seas. China Science Press. 1267 pp.
  • Huber, M. (2010). Compendium of bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world’s marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim: ConchBooks. 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM
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