Bole–Tangale languages

The Bole–Tangale languages (also known as the A.2 West Chadic languages) are a branch of West Chadic languages that are spoken in various states of northeastern Nigeria.

Bole–Tangale
A.2 West Chadic
Geographic
distribution
Bauchi, Yobe, Taraba, Gombe, Borno states of Nigeria
Linguistic classificationAfro-Asiatic
Glottologwest2715
West Chadic per Newman (1977)
Main Chadic-speaking peoples in Nigeria

Languages

The Bole–Tangale languages are:[1]

Karekare is the most divergent language within the Bole branch, while Dera is the most divergent language within the Tangale branch.[3]

Names and locations

Below is a comprehensive list of Bole–Tangale language names, populations, and locations from Blench (2019).[2]

LanguageClusterDialectsAlternate spellingsOwn name for languageEndonym(s)Other names (location-based)Other names for languageExonym(s)SpeakersLocation(s)
DazaDazaa few villages (Note: No data available)Bauchi State, Darazo LGA
BoleBara, Fika (Fiyankayen, Anpika)Bòò Pìkkà, BopikaAm Pìkkà, AmpikaFika, PiikaBolanciAnika, Bolewa32,000 (1952 W&B); est. >100,000 (1990)Bauchi State, Dukku, Alkaleri, and Darazo LGAs; Borno State, Fika LGA
BureBuBureBureBureA single village southeast of Darazo townBauchi State, Darazo LGA
ƁeeleBeleÀɓéelébòhé áɓéelé sg., Àɓéelé pl.Bellawa120 (Temple 1922); a few villagesBauchi State
Deno9,900 (LA 1971)Bauchi State, Darazo LGA; 45 km northeast of Bauchi town
GalambuGalembi, GalambeGalambuGalambu8505 (Temple 1922); 2020 (Meek 1925); 1000 (SIL)Bauchi State, Bauchi LGA, at least 15 villages
DeraShani, Shellen and GasiBo Derana Dera sg., Dera pl.Kanakuru11,300 (W&B)Adamawa State, Shellen LGA; Borno State, Shani LGA
FyandigeriFyandigeresg. laa Fyandigeri, pl. FyandigeriGerawa, Gere, Gera13,300 (LA 1971); at least 30 villages. Many Gera villages no longer speak the language. A 2018 survey suggested there are only 4 villages where the language is being passed on to children.Bauchi State, Bauchi and Darazo LGAs
GerumaSum, Duurum, possibly Gamsawa/Gamshi (Temple)Gerema, GermaGeerum (Duurum dialect); Gyeermu (Sum dialect)Geerum (Duurum dialect); sg. na Gyeermu, pl. Gyeermu (Sum dial.)4,700 (LA 1971)Bauchi State, Toro and Darazo LGAs. At least 10 villages
GiiwoKirifiBu Giiwosg. Ba Giiwo, pl. Ma Giiwo3,620 (1922 Temple); 14,000 (SIL)Bauchi State, Alkaleri, Bauchi and Darazo LGAs, 24 villages
KarekareWestern Jalalum, northern Pakaro and eastern NgwajumKәrekәre, Kerekere, Karaikarai, Kerikeri39,000 (1952 W&B)Bauchi State, Gamawa and Misau LGAs; Yobe State, Fika LGA
KholokKode, Koode, Kwoode,Widala, Pia, Wurkum, Pitiko2,500 (1977 Voegelin & Voegelin)Taraba State, Karim Lamido LGA, near Didango
KubiKuba1,090 (1922 Temple); 500 (1973 SIL)Bauchi State, Darazo LGA, 40 km. N.E. of Bauchi town
Kulung (Chadic)Kulung (speakers consider themselves Kulung i.e. Jarawan Bantu, although their language is Chadic and related to Piya)Wurkum2000?Taraba State, Karim Lamido LGA
KuttoKuptoKúttòKúttòTwo villages. 3000 (1990 est.)Bauchi State, Bajoga LGA, Yobe State, Gujba LGA
MaakaTwo dialects; Maaka (at Gulani) and Maha (at Vara)Magha, Maga, MahaMore than 4,000 (1990)Yobe State, Gujba LGA. Gulani and Bara towns and associated hamlets. Northeast of Dadin Kowa Reservoir.
NgamoGamo17,800 (1952 W&B)Borno State, Fika LGA; Bauchi State, Darazo LGA, Darazo district and Dukku LGA, Nafada district
PeroDialects associated with three major settlementsWaloPéeròsg. Péerò, pl. PìpéeròFiliya [town name]6,664 (1925 Meek); 20,000 (1973 SIL)Gombe State, Shongom LGA, around Filiya. 3 main villages: Gwandum, Gundale and Filiya.
Piya–Kwonci clusterPiya–KwonciPiaWurkum, Pitiko2,500 (1977 Voegelin & Voegelin)Taraba State, Karim Lamido LGA, near Didango
PiyaPiya–KwonciPiaWurkum
KwonciPiya–KwonciKunshenuMore than 4000 (1990)
GojiFo GojiNya Goji pl. Memme GojiKushe, KushiChong'e4000 (1973 SIL); 5000 (1990). ca. 20 villages (2007)Gombe State, Shongom LGA
KwaamiKafarati, ƊolliKwami, KwomKwáámìKwáámìKomawa10,000 (1990)Bauchi State, Kwami LGA
NyamNyamboloA single villageTaraba State, Karim Lamido LGA, at Andami village
TangaleTure, Kaltungo, Shongom, BilliriTangleTáŋlɛ̀Billiri36,000 (1952 W&B); 100,000 (1973 SIL)Gombe State, Kaltungo, Alkaleri and Akko LGAs

References

  1. Blench, Roger. 2006. The Afro-Asiatic Languages: Classification and Reference List (ms)
  2. Blench, Roger (2019). An Atlas of Nigerian Languages (4th ed.). Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.
  3. Blench, Roger. 2021. West Chadic classification 2021. Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.

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