Bombus maxillosus
Bombus maxillosus is a species of cuckoo bumblebee found in Austria, the Czech Republic, France, Hungary, Italy, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, and Switzerland.[2] They have also been located in Zanjan where the DNA of these unlikely species are being collected and tested.[3] B. maxillosus is considered a rare species of the cuckoo bumblebee.[4] The B. maxillosus is an open field species and is also sometimes classified as a wood edge species.[5]
| Bombus maxillosus | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Apidae |
| Genus: | Bombus |
| Subgenus: | Psithyrus |
| Species: | B. maxillosus |
| Binomial name | |
| Bombus maxillosus Klug, 1817 | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Pheromones
The only known reports of the Bombus maxillosus came from Scandinavian populations. This species was then further studied in Czech Republic. Below is a chart from the marking pheromone study conducted by the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. It is reported that this is the first time B. maxillosus was studied and they found 62 compounds within the labial gland.[4]
| Compounds | Molecular weight | DMDS fragments, m/z | Median (%, N=4) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aliphatic alcohols | |||
| Hexadecen-1-ola | 240 | Adduct not found | <0.1 |
| Hexadecan-1-ol | 242 | <0.1 | |
| Octadec-11-en-1-ol | 268 | 145, 217, 362 | 14.2 |
| Octadecan-1-ol | 270 | 0.7 | |
| Icos-13-en-1-ol | 296 | 145, 245, 390 | 4.7 |
| Icos-11-en-1-ol | 296 | 173, 217, 390 | Trace |
| Docos-13-en-1-ol | 324 | 173, 245 | Trace |
| Aliphatic aldehydes | |||
| Octadec-11-enal | 266 | 145, 215, 360 | <0.1 |
| Fatty acids | |||
| Decanoic acid | 172 | <0.1 | |
| Dodecanoic acid | 200 | 0.9 | |
| Tetradecanoic acid | 228 | <0.1 | |
| Hexadecenoic acida | 254 | Adduct not found | <0.1 |
| Aliphatic esters | |||
| Methyl dodecanoate | 214 | <0.1 | |
| Octadec-11-enyl acetate | 310 | 145, 259, 404 | 1.4 |
| Icosen-11-yl acetate | 338 | 173, 259 | 0.2 |
| Octadecenyl dodecanoatea | 450 | Adduct not found | 1.7 |
| Octadecenyl tetradecenoatea | 476 | Adduct not found | 0.3 |
| 1,3-Diacetyl-2-decanoylglycerol | 330 | 1.7 | |
| 1,3-Diacetyl-2-dodecanoylglycerol | 358 | 24.7 | |
| 1,3-Diacetyl-2-tetradecanoylglycerol | 386 | 1.1 | |
| 1,3-Diacetyl-2-tetradecenoylglycerola | 384 | Adduct not found | 0.1 |
| 1,3-Diacetyl-2-hexadecenoylglycerola | 412 | Adduct not found | <0.1 |
| Isoprenoids | |||
| Citronellol | 156 | <0.1 | |
| Citronellyl acetate | 198 | 0.1 | |
| Geranyl acetate | 196 | <0.1 | |
| Geranylacetone | 194 | 0.1 | |
| Dihydrofarnesol | 224 | 0.1 | |
| Farnesol | 222 | 1.5 | |
| Farnesal | 220 | 0.2 | |
| Dihydrofarnesyl acetate | 266 | 0.5 | |
| Farnesyl acetate | 264 | 25.1 | |
| Farnesyl butyrate | 292 | <0.1 | |
| Geranylcitronellol | 292 | 5.7 | |
| Geranylgeranial | 288 | 0.4 | |
| Geranylcitronellyl acetate | 334 | 1.0 | |
| Geranylgeranyl acetate | 332 | 0.5 | |
| Farnesyl decanoate | 376 | <0.1 | |
| Farnesyl dodecanoate | 404 | 0.3 | |
| Hydrocarbons | |||
| Undecane | 156 | <0.1 | |
| Dodecane | 170 | <0.1 | |
| Tridecane | 184 | <0.1 | |
| Tetradecane | 198 | 0.1 | |
| Pentadecane | 212 | <0.1 | |
| Hexadecane | 226 | 0.1 | |
| Henicos-9-ene | 294 | 173, 215 | Trace |
| Henicosane | 296 | 0.2 | |
| Tricos-7-ene | 322 | 145, 271 | Trace |
| Tricosane | 324 | 3.9 | |
| Tetracosane | 338 | <0.1 | |
| Pentacos-9-ene | 350 | 173, 271 | 0.2 |
| Pentacos-7-ene | 350 | 145, 299 | <0.1 |
| Pentacosane | 352 | 1.0 | |
| Hexacosenea | 364 | Adduct not found | <0.1 |
| Hexacosane | 366 | <0.1 | |
| Heptacos-9-ene | 378 | 173, 271 | <0.1 |
| Heptacos-7-ene | 378 | 145, 327 | 0.6 |
| Heptacosane | 380 | 0.5 | |
| Nonacosenea | 406 | Adduct not found | <0.1 |
| Nonacosenea | 406 | Adduct not found | <0.1 |
| Nonacosane | 408 | <0.1 | |
| Hentriacontenea | 434 | Adduct not found | <0.1 |
References
- "Bombus maxillosus Klug, 1817". Biolib.cz. Retrieved 3 July 2012.
- "Bombus maxillosus Klug, 1817". Fauna Europaea. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved 3 July 2012.
- Asia, E (2014). "Bumblebee Conservator From the Chair Regional Coordinators". Bumblebee Conservator. 2: 1–24.
- Urbanová, Klára; Halík, Jan; Hovorka, Oldřich; Kindl, Jiří; Valterová, Irena (2004-11-01). "Marking pheromones of the cuckoo bumblebee males (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Bombus Latreille): compositions of labial gland secretions of six species found in the Czech Republic". Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 32 (11): 1025–1045. doi:10.1016/j.bse.2004.02.010. ISSN 0305-1978.
- Lecocq, T (2011). "Molecular and chemical characters to evaluate species status of two cuckoo bumblebees: Bombus barbutellus and Bombus maxillosus (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombini)" (PDF). Systematic Entomology. 36 (3): 453–469. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00576.x. S2CID 84403572.
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