Boxcar function

In mathematics, a boxcar function is any function which is zero over the entire real line except for a single interval where it is equal to a constant, A.[1] The function is named after its graph's resemblance to a boxcar, a type of railroad car. The boxcar function can be expressed in terms of the uniform distribution as

$${\displaystyle \operatorname {boxcar} (x)=(b-a)A\,f(a,b;x)=A(H(x-a)-H(x-b)),}$$

A graphical representation of a boxcar function

where f(a,b;x) is the uniform distribution of x for the interval [a, b] and ${\displaystyle H(x)}$ is the Heaviside step function. As with most such discontinuous functions, there is a question of the value at the transition points. These values are probably best chosen for each individual application.

When a boxcar function is selected as the impulse response of a filter, the result is a simple moving average filter, whose frequency response is a sinc-in-frequency, a type of low-pass filter.