Breath analysis

Exhaled breath analysis is a method in medicine for gaining information on the clinical state of an individual by monitoring the components present in the exhaled breath.

Breath analysis
Purposeinformation on clinical state of individual

It is a non-invasive method and breath samples can be extracted as often as desired.[1]

Identification and quantification of potential disease biomarkers can be seen as the driving force for the analysis of exhaled breath.[2] Moreover, future applications for medical diagnosis and therapy control with dynamic assessments of normal physiological function or pharmacodynamics are intended.

Breath analysis is performed using various approaches for sampling and analysis.

Breath gas analysis consists of the analysis of volatile organic compounds, for example in blood alcohol testing, and various analytical methods can be applied.

Breath aerosol analysis consists in the sampling and analysis of particles emitted in the respiratory tract and present in exhaled breath.[3] This is a relatively new field that holds great promise for direct diagnostics of pathogens, such as Influenza, and for in-vivo monitoring of the respiratory lining fluid (Respiratory epithelium) components, such as proteins and phospholipids.[4] Various methods are used for sampling exhaled breath aerosols, such as filters, impactors, impingement filter, or electrostatic precipitators.[5][6] This latter field is related to that of Bioaerosol sampling and analysis.

References
  1. King, Julian; Unterkofler, Karl; Teschl, Gerald; Teschl, Susanne; Koc, Helin; Hinterhuber, Hartmann; Amann, Anton (November 2011) [14 January 2011]. "A mathematical model for breath gas analysis of volatile organic compounds with special emphasis on acetone". Journal of Mathematical Biology. 63 (5): 960. arXiv:1003.4475. doi:10.1007/s00285-010-0398-9. PMID 21234569. S2CID 10619334.
  2. Ghazaly, Christelle; Biletska, Krystyna; Thévenot, Etienne A; Devillier, Philippe; Naline, Emmanuel; Grassin-Delyle, Stanislas; Scorsone, Emmanuel (November 2021). Development and characterization of electronic noses for the rapid detection of COVID-19 in exhaled breath (PDF). 10th Franco-Spanish Workshop CMC2-IBERNAM. Arcachon, France. cea-03713273.
  3. Almstrand A-C, Bake B, Ljungstrom E, Larsson P, Bredberg A, Mirgorodskaya E, et al. Effect of airway opening on production of exhaled particles. J Appl Physiol. 2010;108(3):584–8.
  4. Almstrand A-C, Ljungström E, Lausmaa J, Bake B, Sjövall P, Olin A-C. Airway Monitoring by Collection and Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Exhaled Particles. Anal Chem. 2009 Jan 15;81(2):662–8.
  5. Pardon, Gaspard; Ladhani, Laila; Sandström, Niklas; Ettori, Maxime; Lobov, Gleb; van der Wijngaart, Wouter (2015). "Aerosol sampling using an electrostatic precipitator integrated with a microfluidic interface". Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical. 212: 344–352. doi:10.1016/j.snb.2015.02.008. ISSN 0925-4005.
  6. Ladhani, Laila; Pardon, Gaspard; Moons, Pieter; Goossens, Herman; van der Wijngaart, Wouter (2020). "Electrostatic Sampling of Patient Breath for Pathogen Detection: A Pilot Study". Frontiers in Mechanical Engineering. 6. doi:10.3389/fmech.2020.00040. ISSN 2297-3079.
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