Breviata

Breviata
	B. anathema
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
(unranked):	Obazoa
Class:	Breviatea
Order:	Breviatida
Family:	Breviatidae
Genus:	Breviata; Walker, Dacks & Embley 2006
Species
	B. anathema Walker, Dacks & Embley 2006;

Breviata anathema is a single-celled flagellate amoeboid eukaryote, previously studied under the name Mastigamoeba invertens.[1] The cell lacks mitochondria,[2] but has remnant mitochondrial genes, and possesses an organelle believed to be a modified anaerobic mitochondrion, similar to the mitosomes and hydrogenosomes found in other eukaryotes that live in low-oxygen environments.[3]

Early molecular data placed Breviata in the Amoebozoa, but without obvious affinity to known amoebozoan groups.[3][4] More recently, phylogenomic analysis has shown that the class Breviatea is a sister group to the Opisthokonta and Apusomonadida. Together, these three groups form the clade Obazoa (the term Obazoa is based on an acronym of Opisthokonta, Breviatea, and Apusomonadida, plus ‘zóa’ (pertaining to ‘life’ in Greek)).[5]

References

Walker, Giselle; Dacks, Joel B.; Martin Embley, T. (2006-03-01). "Ultrastructural Description of Breviata anathema, N. Gen., N. Sp., the Organism Previously Studied as "Mastigamoeba invertens"". Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 53 (2): 65–78. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2005.00087.x. ISSN 1550-7408. PMID 16579808.
Edgcomb, Vp; Simpson, Ag; Zettler, La; Nerad, Ta; Patterson, Dj; Holder, Me; Sogin, Ml (Jun 2002), "Pelobionts are degenerate protists: insights from molecules and morphology", Molecular Biology and Evolution, 19 (6): 978–82, doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004157, ISSN 0737-4038, PMID 12032256, archived from the original (Free full text) on 2012-07-13
A Minge, M; Silberman, Jd; Orr, Rj; Cavalier-Smith, T; Shalchian-Tabrizi, K; Burki, F; Skjæveland, A; Jakobsen, Ks (Nov 2008), "Evolutionary position of breviate amoebae and the primary eukaryote divergence", Proceedings: Biological Sciences, 276 (1657): 597–604, doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.1358, PMC 2660946, PMID 19004754
Roger, Aj; Simpson, Ag (Feb 2009), "Evolution: revisiting the root of the eukaryote tree", Current Biology, 19 (4): R165–7, doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.12.032, PMID 19243692
Brown, Matthew W.; Sharpe, Susan C.; Silberman, Jeffrey D.; Heiss, Aaron A.; Lang, B. Franz; Simpson, Alastair G. B.; Roger, Andrew J. (2013-10-22). "Phylogenomics demonstrates that breviate flagellates are related to opisthokonts and apusomonads". Proceedings: Biological Sciences. 280 (1769): 20131755. doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.1755. ISSN 1471-2954. PMC 3768317. PMID 23986111.

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[1] Walker, Giselle; Dacks, Joel B.; Martin Embley, T. (2006-03-01). "Ultrastructural Description of Breviata anathema, N. Gen., N. Sp., the Organism Previously Studied as "Mastigamoeba invertens"". Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 53 (2): 65–78. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2005.00087.x. ISSN 1550-7408. PMID 16579808.

[2] Edgcomb, Vp; Simpson, Ag; Zettler, La; Nerad, Ta; Patterson, Dj; Holder, Me; Sogin, Ml (Jun 2002), "Pelobionts are degenerate protists: insights from molecules and morphology", Molecular Biology and Evolution, 19 (6): 978–82, doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004157, ISSN 0737-4038, PMID 12032256, archived from the original (Free full text) on 2012-07-13

[minge-3] A Minge, M; Silberman, Jd; Orr, Rj; Cavalier-Smith, T; Shalchian-Tabrizi, K; Burki, F; Skjæveland, A; Jakobsen, Ks (Nov 2008), "Evolutionary position of breviate amoebae and the primary eukaryote divergence", Proceedings: Biological Sciences, 276 (1657): 597–604, doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.1358, PMC 2660946, PMID 19004754

[4] Roger, Aj; Simpson, Ag (Feb 2009), "Evolution: revisiting the root of the eukaryote tree", Current Biology, 19 (4): R165–7, doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.12.032, PMID 19243692

[5] Brown, Matthew W.; Sharpe, Susan C.; Silberman, Jeffrey D.; Heiss, Aaron A.; Lang, B. Franz; Simpson, Alastair G. B.; Roger, Andrew J. (2013-10-22). "Phylogenomics demonstrates that breviate flagellates are related to opisthokonts and apusomonads". Proceedings: Biological Sciences. 280 (1769): 20131755. doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.1755. ISSN 1471-2954. PMC 3768317. PMID 23986111.