Bridport (UK Parliament constituency)

Bridport
Bridport
Former Borough constituency; for the House of Commons
1295–1885
Seats	two (1295-1868); one (1868-1885)
Replaced by	West Dorset

Bridport was a parliamentary borough in Dorset, England, which elected two Members of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons from 1295 until 1868, and then one member from 1868 until 1885, when the borough was abolished.

History

Bridport was continuously represented in Parliament from the first. The medieval borough consisted of the parish of Bridport, a small port and market town, where the main economic interests were sailcloth and rope-making, as well as some fishing. (For some time in the 16th century, the town had a monopoly of making all cordage for the navy.) By 1831, the population of the borough was 4,242, and the town contained 678 houses.

The right to vote was at one period reserved to the town corporation (consisting of two bailiffs and 13 "capital burgesses"), but from 1628 it was exercised by all inhabitant householders paying scot and lot. This was a relatively liberal franchise for the period but nevertheless meant that only a fraction of the townsmen could vote: in 1806, the general election at which Bridport had the highest turnout in the last few years before the Reform Act, a total of 260 residents voted.

Bridport never reached the status of a pocket borough with an openly recognised "patron": the voters retained their freedom of choice and generally expected to extort a price for their votes, so much so that Oldfield recorded of one election in the early 19th century that "several candidates left them at the last election, in consequence of their demanding payment beforehand". Nevertheless, at various periods the borough came under the influence of local grandees and would usually return at least one of their nominees as MPs: the Russells (Dukes of Bedford) in the Elizabethan period and the Sturts in the latter half of the 18th century could normally rely on choosing one member. In 1572 the then Earl of Bedford made use of this influence to have his oldest son elected in defiance of the convention that the heirs of peers could not be members of the House of Commons; the only previous instance had been that of the Earl himself, who had remained an MP when he became heir to the Earldom in 1555. By vote of the House, the young Lord Russell was allowed to keep his seat for Bridport, and the precedent allowed other peers' heirs to sit from that point onwards.

Bridport retained both its seats under the Reform Act, the boundaries being extended to give it the requisite population - parts of the neighbouring parishes of Bradpole, Allington and Waldich, as well as Bridport Harbour, were brought in, increasing the population to about 6,000; in the election of 1832, the first after Reform, the registered electorate was 425. However, the constituency was too small to survive for long. One of its members was removed after the election of 1868 by the Second Reform Act; and the borough was abolished altogether in 1885, the town being incorporated into the Western Dorset county division.

Members of Parliament

MPs 1295-1640 — MPs 1640-1868 — MPs 1868-1885 — Elections — References — Sources

MPs 1295–1640

Constituency created (1295)

Parliament	First member	Second member
1386	John Hayward	John Tracy[1]
1388 (Feb.)	John Hayward	John Tracy[1]
1388 (Sep)	John Tracy	William Cordell[1]
1390 (Jan)	John Tracy	John Hayward[1]
1390 (Nov)
1391
1393	John Tracy	John Hayward[1]
1394	John Tracy	Gilbert Draper[1]
1395	John Roger	John Hayward[1]
1397 (Jan)	John Palmer	John Crouk[1]
1397 (Sep)	John Hayward	John Crouk[1]
1399	John Hayward	John Tracy[1]
1401
1402	Simon atte Ford	Nicholas Tracy[1]
1404 (Jan)
1404 (Oct)
1406	Henry Rauf	Roger Stikelane[1]
1407	Henry Rauf	Walter Batcok[1]
1410	Thomas Lovell	John Roger I[1]
1411
1413 (Feb)
1413 (May)	William Mountfort II	John Roger I[1]
1414 (Apr)	Simon atte Ford	John Stampe[1]
1414 (Nov)	Simon atte Ford	Andrew Forshey[1]
1415
1416 (Mar)
1416 (Oct)
1417	Simon atte Ford	Edward Stikelane[1]
1419	Walter Tracy	William Mountfort II[1]
1420	Simon atte Ford	John Stampe[1]
1421 (May)	Simon atte Ford	John Hore[1]
1421 (Dec)	Simon atte Ford	William Pernham[1]
1422	Simon atte Ford	[2]
1423	Simon atte Ford	[2]
1425	Simon atte Ford	[2]
1426	John Hore	Simon atte Ford[3]
1437	John Hore[3]
1529	William Chard	Richard Furloke
1545	John Lympany	Richard Watkins
1547	Sir Henry Gates	William Grimston
First Parliament of 1553	?	?
Second Parliament of 1553	Christopher Smith	William Pole
Parliament of 1554	Robert Neyl	Edward Prout
Parliament of 1554-1555	John Alferd	John Moyne or Moon
Parliament of 1555	Robert Fowkes	Thomas Chard
Parliament of 1558	John Hippisley	Thomas Welshe
Parliament of 1559	William Page	Robert Moon
Parliament of 1563-1567	John Hastings	Richard Inkpenne
Parliament of 1571	Thomas Parry	George Trenchard
Parliament of 1572-1581	Miles Sandys	Lord Russell (Summoned to the Lords) 1581: Hugh Vaughan
Parliament of 1584-1585	Dr Peter Turner	Morgan Moon
Parliament of 1586-1587	Dr Peter Turner	Morgan Moon
Parliament of 1588-1589	George Pawlet	Gregory Sprint
Parliament of 1593	Christopher Lambert	John Fortescue
Parliament of 1597-1598	Leweston Fitzjames	Adrian Gilbert
Parliament of 1601	Sir Robert Napier	Richard Warburton
Parliament of 1604-1611	Sir Robert Miller	John Pitt
Addled Parliament (1614)	Sir William Bampfield	John Jeffrey
Parliament of 1621-1622	John Strode	John Browne
Happy Parliament (1624-1625)	William Muschamp	Robert Browne
Useless Parliament (1625)	Sir Lewis Dyve	Sir John Strode
Parliament of 1625-1626	Sir Lewis Dyve	Sir Richard Strode
Parliament of 1628-1629	Thomas Pawlet	Bampfield Chafin
No Parliament summoned 1629-1640

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MPs 1640–1868

Year		First member	First party		Second member	Second party
April 1640		Thomas Trenchard			Sir John Meller
November 1640		Roger Hill[4]	Parliamentarian		Giles Strangways	Royalist
January 1644				Strangways disabled from sitting - seat vacant
1645					Thomas Ceeley
December 1648				Ceeley excluded in Pride's Purge - seat vacant
1653	Bridport was unrepresented in the Barebones Parliament and the First and Second Parliaments of the Protectorate
January 1659		Edward Cheek			John Lee
May 1659		Roger Hill		One seat vacant
April 1660		John Drake			Henry Henley
1661		Humphrey Bishop			John Strangways
February 1677		George Bowerman			John Strangways
February 1677		George Bowerman			Wadham Strangways
February 1679		John Every			Wadham Strangways
August 1679		Sir Robert Henley, Bt			William Bragge
1681		John Michell			William Bragge
1685		Hugh Hodges			Thomas Chafe
1689		Richard Brodrepp			John Manley
1690		John Michell			Sir Stephen Evance
1695		Nicholas Carey
1697		Peter Battiscombe
1698		Peter Battiscombe			Alexander Pitfield
1701		William Gulston
1702		Richard Bingham
1705		Thomas Strangways
1708		Thomas Strangways			William Coventry
1713		John Hoskins Gifford
February 1715		John Strangways[5]
May 1715		Peter Walter
1719		Peter Walter			Sir Dewey Bulkeley
1727		William Bowles[6]			James Pelham[7]
1730					John Jewkes
1734					Solomon Ashley
1741					George Richards
1742		Viscount Deerhurst	Tory
1744		Viscount Deerhurst	Tory
1746					Thomas Grenville
May 1747					James Grenville
July 1747		John Frederick Pinney			James Grenville
1754		John Frederick Pinney			Thomas Coventry
1761		Sir Gerard Napier, Bt
1765		Benjamin Way
1768		Sambrooke Freeman
1774		Hon. Lucius Cary
1780		Thomas Scott	Whig[8]		Richard Beckford
1784		Thomas Scott	Whig[8]		Charles Sturt	Whig[8]
1790		James Watson	Whig[8]
1795		George Barclay	Whig[8]
1802		George Barclay	Whig[8]		Sir Evan Nepean, Bt	Tory[8]
1807		Sir Samuel Hood, Bt	Tory[8]		Sir Evan Nepean, Bt	Tory[8]
1812		William Best	Whig[8]		Sir Horace St Paul, Bt	Tory[8]
1817		Henry Sturt	Tory[8]		Sir Horace St Paul, Bt	Tory[8]
March 1820		James Scott	Whig[8]		Christopher Spurrier	Whig[8]
June 1820		James Scott	Whig[8]		Sir Horace St Paul, Bt	Tory[8]
1826		Henry Warburton	Radical[9][10][11][12][13]		Sir Horace St Paul, Bt	Tory[8]
1832					John Romilly	Whig[8][14][15]
1835					Horace Twiss	Conservative[8]
1837					Swynfen Jervis	Radical[8][16][17][18]
June 1841					Thomas Alexander Mitchell	Radical[19][20][21]
September 1841 by-election		Alexander Baillie-Cochrane	Conservative[8]
1846 by-election[22]		John Romilly	Whig[8][14][15]
1847		Alexander Baillie-Cochrane	Conservative
1852		John Patrick Murrough	Radical[23][24][25][26]
1857		Kirkman Hodgson	Whig
1859		Kirkman Hodgson	Liberal			Liberal
1868	Representation reduced to one member

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MPs 1868–1885

Year		Member	Party
1868		Thomas Alexander Mitchell	Liberal
1875 by-election		Pandeli Ralli	Liberal
1880		Charles Warton	Conservative
1885	Constituency abolished

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Elections

1830s – 1840s – 1850s – 1860s – 1870s – 1880s – References – Sources

Elections in the 1830s

General election 1830: Bridport[8]
	Candidate	Votes
Radical	Henry Warburton	Unopposed
Tory	Horace St Paul	Unopposed
Radical hold
Tory hold

General election 1831: Bridport[8]
	Candidate	Votes
Radical	Henry Warburton	Unopposed
Tory	Horace St Paul	Unopposed
Radical hold
Tory hold

General election 1832: Bridport[27][28]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Radical	Henry Warburton	271	40.3	*N/A*
	Whig	John Romilly	219	32.6	*New*
	Tory	Richard William Astell	182	27.1	N/A
Turnout			400	94.1	N/A
Registered electors			425
Majority			52	7.7	N/A
	Radical hold		Swing	N/A
Majority			37	5.5	N/A
	Whig gain from Tory		Swing	N/A

General election 1835: Bridport[27][28]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Radical	Henry Warburton	244	37.5	−2.8
	Conservative	Horace Twiss	207	31.8	+4.7
	Whig	John Romilly	199	30.6	−2.0
Turnout			394	93.8	−0.3
Registered electors			420
Majority			37	5.7	−2.0
	Radical hold		Swing	−2.6
Majority			8	1.2	N/A
	Conservative gain from Whig		Swing	+3.4

General election 1837: Bridport[27][28]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Radical	Henry Warburton	283	38.9	+20.2
	Radical	Swynfen Jervis	232	31.9	+13.2
	Conservative	Henry Baillie	212	29.2	−2.6
Majority			20	2.7	−3.0
Turnout			445	88.1	−5.7
Registered electors			505
	Radical hold		Swing	+10.8
	Radical gain from Conservative		Swing	+7.3

Elections in the 1840s

General election 1841: Bridport[27]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Radical	Henry Warburton	304	36.6	−2.3
	Radical	Thomas Alexander Mitchell	282	34.0	+2.1
	Conservative	Alexander Baillie-Cochrane	244	29.4	+0.2
Majority			38	4.6	+1.9
Turnout			506	90.8	+2.7
Registered electors			557
	Radical hold		Swing	−1.2
	Radical hold		Swing	+1.0

Warburton resigned by accepting the office of Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds, causing a by-election.

By-election, 15 September 1841: Bridport[27]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Alexander Baillie-Cochrane	Unopposed
	Conservative gain from Radical

Baillie-Cochrane resigned by accepting the office of Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds in order to seek re-election as a supporter of free trade.

By-election, 7 March 1846: Bridport[27]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Alexander Baillie-Cochrane	240	50.1	+20.7
	Whig	John Romilly	239	49.9	N/A
Majority			1	0.2	N/A
Turnout			479	83.9	−6.9
Registered electors			571
	Conservative gain from Radical		Swing	N/A

After scrutiny, Baillie-Cochrane's election was declared void and Romilly was declared elected on 28 April 1846.

General election 1847: Bridport[27]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Alexander Baillie-Cochrane	276	35.6	+6.2
	Radical	Thomas Alexander Mitchell	267	34.4	−36.2
	Whig	Edward Richard Petre[29][30]	222	28.6	N/A
	Conservative	Robert Montgomery Martin[31]	11	1.4	N/A
Turnout			388 (est)	58.5 (est)	−32.3
Registered electors			663
Majority			9	1.2	N/A
	Conservative gain from Radical		Swing	+21.2
Majority			45	5.8	+1.2
	Radical hold		Swing	−21.2

Martin withdrew his name early into polling.[32]

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Elections in the 1850s

General election 1852: Bridport[27]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Radical	Thomas Alexander Mitchell	366	45.4	+28.2
	Radical	John Patrick Murrough	249	30.9	+13.7
	Conservative	John Rolt[33]	191	23.7	−13.3
Majority			58	7.2	+1.4
Turnout			403 (est)	76.9 (est)	+18.4
Registered electors			524
	Radical hold		Swing	+17.4
	Radical gain from Conservative		Swing	+10.2

General election 1857: Bridport[27]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Radical	Thomas Alexander Mitchell	330	45.3	−0.1
	Whig	Kirkman Hodgson	290	39.8	*N/A*
	Conservative	William Unwin Heygate	109	15.0	−8.7
Turnout			365 (est)	76.4 (est)	−0.5
Registered electors			478
Majority			40	5.5	−1.7
	Radical hold		Swing	+4.3
Majority			181	24.8	N/A
	Whig gain from Radical		Swing	N/A

General election 1859: Bridport[27]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Thomas Alexander Mitchell	334	42.1	−3.2
	Liberal	Kirkman Hodgson	290	36.5	−3.3
	Conservative	Henry Hyde Nugent Bankes[34]	170	21.4	+6.4
Majority			120	15.1	+9.6
Turnout			397 (est)	79.2 (est)	+2.8
Registered electors			501
	Liberal hold		Swing	−3.2
	Liberal hold		Swing	−3.2

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Elections in the 1860s

General election 1865: Bridport[27]
Party		Candidate	Votes
	Liberal	Thomas Alexander Mitchell	Unopposed
	Liberal	Kirkman Hodgson	Unopposed
Registered electors			472
	Liberal hold
	Liberal hold

The seat was reduced to one member.

General election 1868: Bridport[27]
Party		Candidate	Votes
	Liberal	Thomas Alexander Mitchell	Unopposed
Registered electors			1,027
	Liberal hold

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Elections in the 1870s

General election 1874: Bridport[27]
Party		Candidate	Votes
	Liberal	Thomas Alexander Mitchell	Unopposed
Registered electors			1,045
	Liberal hold

Mitchell's death caused a by-election.

By-election, 31 Mar 1875: Bridport[27]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Pandeli Ralli	620	76.6	*N/A*
	Conservative	Charles Whetham[35]	189	23.4	New
Majority			431	53.2	N/A
Turnout			809	80.0	N/A
Registered electors			1,011
	Liberal hold		Swing	N/A

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Elections in the 1880s

General election 1880: Bridport[27]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Charles Warton	468	50.5	*N/A*
	Liberal	Pandeli Ralli	459	49.5	N/A
Majority			9	1.0	N/A
Turnout			927	85.4	N/A
Registered electors			1,085
	Conservative gain from Liberal		Swing	N/A

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References

"Bridport". History of Parliament online. Retrieved 27 October 2012.
"FORD, Simon atte, of Bridport, Dorset". History of Parliament Online. Retrieved 27 October 2012.
"HORE, John II (D.c.1452), of Bridport, Dorset. | History of Parliament Online".
Sir Lewis Dyve petitioned against the result. Cobbett records Dyve as MP from 1640, and the Dictionary of National Biography has Hill filling the vacancy in 1645; however Brunton & Pennington list Hill as the MP from 1640. The House of Commons Journals show Dyve was a petitioner rather than MP, and that Hill was an MP by 1643 at the latest
Strangeways was initially declared elected, but on petition it was found that some unqualified voters had been admitted while other qualified voters had had their votes refused, and Walter was declared duly elected in Strangways' place
Bowles was re-elected in 1741 but was also elected for Bewdley, which he chose to represent, and did not sit again for Bridport
Pelham was also elected for Newark, which he chose to represent, and never sat for Bridport
Stooks Smith, Henry (1973) [1844-1850]. Craig, F. W. S. (ed.). The Parliaments of England (2nd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. pp. 83–84. ISBN 0-900178-13-2.
Courtney, William Prideaux (1899). "Warburton, Henry" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 58. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
Churton, Edward (1838). The Assembled Commons or Parliamentary Biographer: 1838. pp. 231–232. Retrieved 28 October 2018 – via Google Books.
Leggett, Don (2015). Shaping the Royal Navy: Technology, Authority and Naval Architecture, c.1830–1906. Manchester: Manchester University Press. p. 53. ISBN 978-0-7190-9028-8. Retrieved 28 October 2018 – via Google Books.
Aspinall, Arthur, ed. (1938). The Letters of King George IV, 1812–1830. Volume III. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 241. Retrieved 28 October 2018 – via Google Books.
Huch, Ronald K.; Ziegler, Paul R. (1985). Joseph Hume: The People's M.P. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society. p. 65. ISBN 0-87169-163-9. LCCN 83-73276. Retrieved 28 October 2018 – via Google Books.
"Political". Durham Chronicle. 13 March 1846. p. 4. Retrieved 19 April 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
"Bridport Election". Nottingham Review and General Advertiser for the Midland Counties. 13 March 1846. p. 8. Retrieved 19 April 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
Hughes, Kathryn (2001). George Eliot: The Last Victorian. New York: Cooper Square Press. p. 138. ISBN 978-0-8154-1121-5. LCCN 2001028024. Retrieved 28 October 2018 – via Google Books.
Scott, John (2018). British Social Theory: Recovering Lost Traditions Before 1950. Sage. p. 40. ISBN 9781526455345. Retrieved 28 October 2018 – via Google Books.
Chapman, Alison; Meacock, Joanna (2007). A Rosetti Family Chronology. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 12. doi:10.1057/9780230627277. ISBN 978-1-349-51095-5. LCCN 2006049403. Retrieved 28 October 2018 – via Google Books.
The Gardener's Chronicle for 1841. London: Haymarket Publishing. 1841. p. 354. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
The Spectator, Volume 14. London: F. C. Westley. 1841. p. 513.
"Bridport". Exeter and Plymouth Gazette. 7 August 1847. p. 8. Retrieved 19 April 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
Cochrane resigned to seek re-election as a supporter of free trade, and a by-election was held on 7 March 1846. Cochrane was initially declared re-elected by a majority of 1 vote, but on petition his election was declared void and after scrutiny of the votes Romilly was declared duly elected.
Abram, William Alexander. "History of Blackburn". Parish of Blackburn, County of Lancaster. p. 374. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
"English Counties and Boroughs". The Spectator. 23 April 1859. p. 4. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
"The Cotton Riots of 1878". Cotton Town. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
Dod, Charles Roger (1854). "Members of the House of Commons". The Parliamentary Companion. p. 242. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1977). British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885 (e-book) (1st ed.). London: Macmillan Press. pp. 63–64. ISBN 978-1-349-02349-3.
Stooks Smith, Henry (1845). The Parliaments of England, from 1st George I., to the Present Time. Vol II: Oxfordshire to Wales Inclusive. London: Simpkin, Marshall, & Co. pp. 128–129. Retrieved 18 August 2018 – via Google Books.
"Western Times". 7 August 1847. p. 6. Retrieved 28 October 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
"Provincial News". Sherborne Mercury. 10 July 1847. p. 4. Retrieved 28 October 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
"Election Movements". Northern Star and Leeds General Advertiser. 31 July 1847. p. 19. Retrieved 28 October 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
"Bridport". Morning Advertiser. 30 July 1847. p. 3. Retrieved 28 October 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
"Bridport". Morning Post. 8 July 1852. pp. 4–5. Retrieved 19 April 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
"Election Intelligence". Sherborne Mercury. 3 May 1859. p. 5. Retrieved 19 April 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
"The Representation of Bridport". Bradford Observer. 20 March 1875. p. 8. Retrieved 28 December 2017 – via British Newspaper Archive.

Sources

Beatson, Robert (1807). A Chronological Register of Both Houses of the British Parliament, from the Union in 1708, to the Third Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, in 1807. Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme.
Brunton, Douglas; Pennington, Donald Henshaw (1954). Members of the Long Parliament: by D. Brunton and D.H. Pennington. London: George Allen & Unwin.
Concise Dictionary of National Biography (1930)
Craig, F. W. S. (1977). British parliamentary election results 1832-1885 (2 ed.). London: Macmillan. ISBN 0333171535.
Cobbett's Parliamentary history of England, from the Norman Conquest in 1066 to the year 1803, London: Thomas Hansard, 1808, archived from the original on 4 September 2015
Neale, J.E. (1949). The Elizabethan House of Commons. London: Jonathan Cape.
Oldfield, T. H. B. (1816), The Representative History of Great Britain and Ireland, London: Baldwin, Cradock & Joy
Philbin, J. Holladay (1965). Parliamentary representation, 1832: England and Wales. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Porritt, Edward; Porritt, Annie G. (1903), The Unreformed House of Commons, Cambridge University Press
Willis, Browne (1750). Notitia Parliamentaria, Part II: A Series or Lists of the Representatives in the several Parliaments held from the Reformation 1541, to the Restoration 1660 ... London.
Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "B" (part 5)

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[HoP-1] "Bridport". History of Parliament online. Retrieved 27 October 2012.

[SAF-2] "FORD, Simon atte, of Bridport, Dorset". History of Parliament Online. Retrieved 27 October 2012.

[historyofparliamentonline.org-3] "HORE, John II (D.c.1452), of Bridport, Dorset. | History of Parliament Online".

[4] Sir Lewis Dyve petitioned against the result. Cobbett records Dyve as MP from 1640, and the Dictionary of National Biography has Hill filling the vacancy in 1645; however Brunton & Pennington list Hill as the MP from 1640. The House of Commons Journals show Dyve was a petitioner rather than MP, and that Hill was an MP by 1643 at the latest

[5] Strangeways was initially declared elected, but on petition it was found that some unqualified voters had been admitted while other qualified voters had had their votes refused, and Walter was declared duly elected in Strangways' place

[6] Bowles was re-elected in 1741 but was also elected for Bewdley, which he chose to represent, and did not sit again for Bridport

[7] Pelham was also elected for Newark, which he chose to represent, and never sat for Bridport

[stooks-smith-8] Stooks Smith, Henry (1973) [1844-1850]. Craig, F. W. S. (ed.). The Parliaments of England (2nd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. pp. 83–84. ISBN 0-900178-13-2.

[9] Courtney, William Prideaux (1899). "Warburton, Henry" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 58. London: Smith, Elder & Co.

[10] Churton, Edward (1838). The Assembled Commons or Parliamentary Biographer: 1838. pp. 231–232. Retrieved 28 October 2018 – via Google Books.

[11] Leggett, Don (2015). Shaping the Royal Navy: Technology, Authority and Naval Architecture, c.1830–1906. Manchester: Manchester University Press. p. 53. ISBN 978-0-7190-9028-8. Retrieved 28 October 2018 – via Google Books.

[12] Aspinall, Arthur, ed. (1938). The Letters of King George IV, 1812–1830. Volume III. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 241. Retrieved 28 October 2018 – via Google Books.

[13] Huch, Ronald K.; Ziegler, Paul R. (1985). Joseph Hume: The People's M.P. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society. p. 65. ISBN 0-87169-163-9. LCCN 83-73276. Retrieved 28 October 2018 – via Google Books.

[romillydurham-14] "Political". Durham Chronicle. 13 March 1846. p. 4. Retrieved 19 April 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.

[romilly-notts-15] "Bridport Election". Nottingham Review and General Advertiser for the Midland Counties. 13 March 1846. p. 8. Retrieved 19 April 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.

[16] Hughes, Kathryn (2001). George Eliot: The Last Victorian. New York: Cooper Square Press. p. 138. ISBN 978-0-8154-1121-5. LCCN 2001028024. Retrieved 28 October 2018 – via Google Books.

[17] Scott, John (2018). British Social Theory: Recovering Lost Traditions Before 1950. Sage. p. 40. ISBN 9781526455345. Retrieved 28 October 2018 – via Google Books.

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