Brodsky Synagogue (Kyiv)

The Brodsky Choral Synagogue (Ukrainian: Синаго́га Бро́дського and Yiddish: די בראדסקי שול אין קיעוו‎) is the second largest synagogue in Kyiv, Ukraine. It was built in the Romanesque Revival style resembling a classical basilica.[1] The original tripartite facade with a large central avant-corps flanked by lower wings also echoed the characteristic design of some Moorish Revival synagogues, such as the Leopoldstädter Tempel in Vienna. Rabbi Moshe Reuven Azman is the Rabbi of Brodsky Synagogue.[2][3]

For similarly named synagogues, see Brodsky Synagogue and Choral Synagogue.
Brodsky Synagogue
Religion
AffiliationOrthodox Judaism
LeadershipChasidik
StatusActive
Location
LocationUkraine Kyiv, Ukraine
Architecture
Architect(s)Georgiy Shleifer
StyleRomanesque Revival with elements of Moorish Revival
Completed1898

History

The synagogue was built between 1897 and 1898. It was designed by Georgiy Shleifer. A sugar magnate and philanthropist Lazar Brodsky financed its construction.[4][5]

For many decades, the local and imperial authorities forbade the construction of a monumental place of Jewish worship in Kyiv, as they feared that this would facilitate the growth of the Jewish community in the area, which, being a big trading and industrial city, would then become an important Jewish religious center. This was considered "undesirable" due to the symbolic importance of Kyiv, as the cradle of Russian Orthodoxy. It was only allowed to convert existing buildings into Jewish worship houses.

In 1895, permission was given to build a synagogue in the Podil district, a poor quarter of Kyiv. The location was however too far from the city center where the wealthy Jews lived such that they could not walk there on Sabbath. They wished a big choral synagogue in the city center, similar to those in St. Petersburg, Moscow and Odessa.[5]

To evade the ban, Brodsky and rabbi Evsey Tsukerman sent a complaint to the Governing Senate requesting a permission to build a worship house in the private estate of Brodsky. As an attachment they included only a side view drawing of the planned building which looked like a private mansion.[5][6][7][8] The permission was obtained, and the synagogue became an example of an Aesopian synagogue.

In 1926, the synagogue was closed down by the Soviet authorities. The building was converted into an artisan club.[9][7]

The building was devastated during the World War II by Nazis and was subsequently used as a puppet theatre.[5][7] An additional facade was built in the 1970s.

In 1997, the theatre moved into a new building. The old building was renovated and since 2000 it is again used as a synagogue.[4][7][8] The restoration was mainly financed by a media proprietor Vadim Rabinovich.[8]

2022 Russian Invasion

Since the beginning of the ongoing invasion of Ukraine by Russia, the Brodsky Synagogue has served as a point of refuge for Ukrainian refugees, as well as a main distribution point for humanitarian aid. Relief efforts have been led by Moshe Azman the head of the Brodsky Synagogue .[10]

  • Postcard, 1909
    Postcard, 1909
  • Puppet theater in the 1970s
    Puppet theater in the 1970s
  • Bird's eye view today
    Bird's eye view today
  • The Holy Ark of the synagogue
    The Holy Ark of the synagogue
  • The Parochet of the Holy Ark
    The Parochet of the Holy Ark
  • Ner tamid
    Ner tamid

See also

References
  1. Виталий Ковалинский. Синагога Лазаря Бродского Archived December 30, 2014, at the Wayback Machine. Уикэнд, 30.08.2013 (Vitaliy Kovalinskiy. Lazar Brodsky Synagogue. Weekend, August 30, 2013; in Russian)
  2. "About Us". Anatevka.com. Anatevka Refugee Village. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
  3. AL-KASSIM, MOHAMMAD (19 April 2022). "Ukraine chief rabbi helps evacuate Jewish refugees to safety". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
  4. Rededicated Kyiv synagogue to serve as community center
  5. Victoria Khiterer (2008). The Social and Economic History of Jews in Kyiv Before February 1917 (Thesis). pp. 214–216. ISBN 9780549771005.
  6. Выставка «Еврейская община Киева. Люди и Город» Archived December 30, 2014, at the Wayback Machine. Институт иудаики, Киев, 2013 (Exhibition "Jewish community of Kyiv. The people and the city." Institute of Judaism, 2013; in Russian)
  7. Мерой света и молитвы Archived 2014-12-30 at the Wayback Machine. Агентство еврейских новостей, Киев, 2008 (Jewish news agency, Kiev, 2008; in Russian)
  8. Синагога Бродского. MyKiev (in Russian)
  9. Синагогу под клуб. Иллюстрированная Россия, Выпуск № 50 (83), 1926, стр. 16 (Synagogue for a club. Illustrated Russia, 50 (83), 1926, p. 16; in Russian)
  10. Levine, Heidi. "Historic synagogue in Kyiv has raisd $2 million evacuating Ukrainians from war's hot spots". The Washington Post.
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