Bunchosia armeniaca

Bunchosia armeniaca is a species in the family Malpighiaceae native to northwestern South America (Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Venezuela, Brazil, and Peru).[2][3] Common names include cansaboca,[4] ciruela de fraile[4] (friar's plum), guaimaro, indano,[4] and cold-earth mamey.[5] Its Kichwa name is usuma.[4]

Bunchosia armeniaca
Bunchosia armeniaca with immature fruit.
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Malpighiaceae
Genus: Bunchosia
Species:
B. armeniaca
Binomial name
Bunchosia armeniaca
Synonyms[1]
  • Bunchosia armeniaca f. parvifolia Nied.
  • Bunchosia armeniaca f. systyla Nied.
  • Bunchosia pilocarpa Rusby
  • Malpighia armeniaca Cav.

Bunchosia armeniaca can attain a height of 20 meters, but it commonly grows to 5 meters. It can be found between 100–2600 m of elevation in a wide range of ecological habitats.[6][7][8][9][10]

Bunchosia armeniaca yields a fruit that is very sweet and with cloying red pulp, which adheres strongly to the seeds, hence the Spanish etymology cansaboca (tired mouth). The two seeds in each berry are poisonous. Due to rapid spoilage on the tree, the fruit are often harvested while still a creamy-green and ripened to a red colour indoors.

References
  1. The Plant List, Bunchosia armeniaca
  2. Tropicos, Bunchosia armeniaca
  3. Funk, V. A., P. E. Berry, S. Alexander, T. H. Hollowell & C. L. Kelloff. 2007. Checklist of the Plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 55: 1–584
  4. Arthur Lee Jacobson (2015-01-08). "Peanut-butter Fruit or Plant". growables.org. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  5. Dictionary of Trees, Volume 2: South America: Nomenclature, Taxonomy and Ecology. (2013) By M. M. Grandtner & Julien Chevrette. Academic Press.
  6. Candolle, Augustin Pyramus de. 1824. Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 1: 582, Bunchosia armeniaca
  7. Cavanilles, Antonio José. 1789. Monadelphiae Classis Dissertationes Decem 8: 410, t. 238, Malpighia armeniaca
  8. Rusby, Henry Hurd. 1907. Bulletin of the New York Botanical Garden 4: 333, Bunchosia pilocarpa
  9. Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez. (eds.) 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador, Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 75: i–viii, 1–1181. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  10. Killeen, T. J., E. García Estigarribia & S. G. Beck. (eds.) 1993. Guía de Árboles de Bolivia 1–958. Herbario Nacional de Bolivia & Missouri Botanical Garden, Edit. Quipus srl., La Paz
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