Buy American Act

The Buy American Act (originally 41 U.S.C. §§ 10a–10d, now 41 U.S.C. §§ 8301–8305) passed in 1933 by the Congress and signed by President Hoover on his last full day in office (March 3, 1933),[1] required the United States government to prefer U.S.-made products in its purchases. Other pieces of federal legislation extend similar requirements to third-party purchases that utilize federal funds, such as highway and transit programs.

Buy American Act

Other short titles	Buy American Act of 1933
Long title	An Act making appropriations for the Treasury and Post Office Departments for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1934, and for other purposes.
Acronyms (colloquial)	BAA
Nicknames	Treasury and Post Office Departments Appropriations Act of 1933
Enacted by	the 72nd United States Congress
Effective	March 3, 1933
Citations
Public law	Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 72–428
Statutes at Large	47 Stat. 1489 aka 47 Stat. 1520
Codification
Titles amended	41 U.S.C.: Public Contracts
U.S.C. sections created	41 U.S.C. §§ 8301–8303
Legislative history
Introduced in the House as H.R. 13520 by Joseph W. Byrns Sr. (D–TN) on December 10, 1932 Committee consideration by House Appropriations Passed the House on December 15, 1932 (Passed) Passed the Senate on February 7, 1933 (Passed) Reported by the joint conference committee on February 10, 1933; agreed to by the House on March 1, 1933 (Agreed) and by the Senate on March 3, 1933 (Agreed) Signed into law by President Herbert Hoover on March 3, 1933

The Buy American Act is not to be confused with the very similarly named "Buy America Act" that came into effect 50 years later. The latter, a provision of the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1982, is 49 U.S.C., § 5323 (j), and applies only to mass-transit-related procurements valued over US$100,000 and funded at least in part by federal grants.[2]

In certain government procurements, the requirement purchase may be waived by the Contracting Officer or the Head of the Contracting Activity (HCA) if the domestic product is 25% or more expensive than an identical foreign-sourced product, if the product is not available domestically in sufficient quantity or quality, or if doing so is in the public's interest.

The President has the authority to waive the Buy American Act within the terms of a reciprocal agreement or otherwise in response to the provision of reciprocal treatment to U.S. producers. Under the 1979 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) Government Procurement Code, the U.S.–Israel Free Trade Agreement, the U.S.–Canada Free Trade Agreement, and the World Trade Organization (WTO) 1996 Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA), the United States provides access to the government procurement of certain U.S. agencies for goods from the other parties to those agreements. However, the Buy American Act was excluded from the GPA's coverage.