Cœdès transliteration of Thai

The transliteration system referred to as Cœdès system is a reversible transliteration for Thai and Khmer, developed by Georges Cœdès and published in table form by his student Uraisi Varasarin.[1]

This system is used in scholarly research.[2] It tends to be favoured over the Royal Thai General System of Transcription—the official scheme promulgated by the Royal Thai Institute—because the latter is not reversible, as it underrepresents vowel quality and quantity.

G. Cœdès's transliteration system inherits some transliteration habits for scripts of Indian origin, such as the use of ṅ for the velar nasal, and the use of macron. It also reflects typographical convenience on a typewriter, such as the use of underlining.

Consonants
Thai กขฃคฅฆงจฉชซฌญ
transliteration kkhk͟hgg̱ghṅcchjj̱jhñ
 
Thai ฎฏฐฑฒณดตถทธน 
transliteration ṭṭ̱ṭhḍḍhṇtṯthddhn
 
Thai บปผฝพฟภม 
transliteration pp̱php̱hbḇbhm
 
Thai ยรฤลฦวศษสหฬอฮฤๅฦๅ
transliteration yrṛlḷvśṡshḻaẖṝḹ

Vowels
Thai -ะ-าอิอีอึอือุอูเ-เ-ะ แ-ะแ-
transliteration aā iī ịị̄uūeeḥeeḥ ee
Thai โ-ะโ-เ-อะเ-อเ-าะ-อเอือะเอือเอียะเอีย อัวะอัว
transliteration oḥo eaḥea, ei ọhạị̄eaḥị̄eaị̄eyḥị̄eyvăḥ vă, va
Thai อำไ-ใ-เ-า
transliteration āṃai a͟iau

Tones

The Thai script was devised at a stage when the language contrasted three tones. This required two marks, one of the three tones being left unmarked. These were supplemented by two other tonal marks. G. Cœdès did not propose a standardized way to transliterate all four tone marks. For a transliteration system that aims at exhaustivity, it seemed useful to have a system that covers all five types of tones, including explicit marking for the absence of tone mark. The following proposal was put forward by Krisda Tan Sirijunto and Alexis Michaud in 2015.

Thai เสียงสามัญเสียงเอกเสียงโทเสียงตรีเสียงจัตวา
description no tone markMai Ek (tone 1)Mai Tho (tone 2)Mai TriMai Cattawa
transliteration ka⁰ka¹ka²ka³ka⁴
Unicode symbol U+2070

SUPERSCRIPT ZERO

 U+00B9

SUPERSCRIPT ONE

 U+00B2

SUPERSCRIPT TWO

 U+00B3

SUPERSCRIPT THREE

 U+2074

SUPERSCRIPT FOUR

See also

References
  1. Varasarin, Uraisi (1984). Les éléments khmers dans la formation de la langue siamoise. Paris: SELAF. pp. 60–62. ISBN 2-85297-161-5.
  2. Ferlus, Michel. 1999. Sur l’ancienneté des écritures thai d’origine indo-khmère. Paper presented at the conference "Georges Coedès aujourd'hui" ("Georges Coedès Today"). Bangkok. https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00922719/
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