CAREN
CAREN (Computer Assisted Rehabilitation Environment) protocol—is a versatile, multi-sensory virtual reality system used for treatment and rehabilitation of human locomotion, or walking, as well as pain, posture, balance spinal stability and motor control integration.[1][2][3]
History
MOTEK was founded in 1993 as a privately held motion capture, animation and visualization studio.
The early mission of MOTEK focused on the development and implementation of innovative animation and visualization techniques focusing on real time generation of realistic animation.
The company managed project work to ensure growth without the need for venture capital or going public until 1998. In 1997, MOTEK had applied for a research grant to the European commission in order to develop the system now known as CAREN. This grant was received in 1998 and enabled the development of CAREN's 1st prototype.
The company also received external funding through TWINNING and NPM capital, both Dutch based investment companies.
The 1st production grade CAREN system was sold to the University of Groningen in 2000. Within the annals of CAREN’s beginnings, the technology was being used primarily by scientific and military organizations because of the sheer complexity of its modern intricacies and somewhat complicated testing.[4][5][6]
References
- van der Eerden WJ, Otten E, May G, Even-Zohar O (1999). "CAREN--Computer Assisted Rehabilitation Environment". Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. 62 (Medicine Meets Virtual Reality): 373–8. doi:10.3233/978-1-60750-906-6-373. PMID 10538390.
- van den Bogert AJ, Geijtenbeek T, Even-Zohar O, Steenbrink F, Hardin EC (October 2013). "A real-time system for biomechanical analysis of human movement and muscle function". Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing. 51 (10): 1069–77. doi:10.1007/s11517-013-1076-z. PMC 3751375. PMID 23884905.
- Geijtenbeek, Thomas; Steenbrink, Frans; Otten, Bert; Even-Zohar, Oshri (2011). "D-flow: immersive virtual reality and real-time feedback for rehabilitation". Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Virtual Reality Continuum and Its Applications in Industry - VRCAI '11. pp. 201–8. doi:10.1145/2087756.2087785. ISBN 978-1-4503-1060-4. S2CID 14529364.
- Collins, John-David; Markham, Amanda; Service, Kathrine; Reini, LT Seth; Wolf, Erik; Sessoms, Pinata (August 2014). "A systematic literature review of the use and effectiveness of the computer assisted rehabilitation environment for research and rehabilitation as it relates to the wounded warrior". Work. 50 (1): 121–9. doi:10.3233/WOR-141927. PMID 25167904.
- Kaufman KR, Wyatt MP, Sessoms PH, Grabiner MD (October 2014). "Task-specific fall prevention training is effective for warfighters with transtibial amputations". Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 472 (10): 3076–84. doi:10.1007/s11999-014-3664-0. PMC 4160499. PMID 24811543.
- Isaacson BM, Swanson TM, Pasquina PF (July 2013). "The use of a computer-assisted rehabilitation environment (CAREN) for enhancing wounded warrior rehabilitation regimens". The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine. 36 (4): 296–9. doi:10.1179/2045772313Y.0000000119. PMC 3758526. PMID 23820145.
Further reading
- van den Bogert, Antonie J.; Geijtenbeek, Thomas; Even-Zohar, Oshri. "Real-Time Biomechanical Analysis for Virtual Reality Based Rehabilitation" (PDF).
- Van Den Bogert, Antonie J.; Geijtenbeek, Thomas; Even-Zohar, Oshri (2009). "Evaluation of a system for real-time analysis of muscle function: Shoulder and elbow muscles". Virtual Rehabilitation International Conference. p. 222. doi:10.1109/ICVR.2009.5174260. ISBN 978-1-4244-4188-4. S2CID 22971952.
- Jessop, David; Bouyer, Laurent; McFadyen, BJ (July 2009). Vestibulo-visual integration for postural stability during standing. International Symposium on Posture and Gait. Bologna, Italy. Archived from the original on 2014-12-31. Retrieved 2014-12-31.
- Fung J, et al. (2004). "Locomotor rehabilitation in a complex virtual environment". The 26th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Vol. 7. pp. 4859–61. doi:10.1109/IEMBS.2004.1404344. ISBN 0-7803-8439-3. PMID 17271400. S2CID 6320608.
- Viau A, Feldman AG, McFadyen BJ, Levin MF (December 2004). "Reaching in reality and virtual reality: a comparison of movement kinematics in healthy subjects and in adults with hemiparesis". Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation. 1 (1): 11. doi:10.1186/1743-0003-1-11. PMC 546398. PMID 15679937.
- Fung J, Richards CL, Malouin F, McFadyen BJ, Lamontagne A (April 2006). "A treadmill and motion coupled virtual reality system for gait training post-stroke". Cyberpsychology & Behavior. 9 (2): 157–62. doi:10.1089/cpb.2006.9.157. PMID 16640470.
- Bugnariu N, Fung J (2007). "Aging and selective sensorimotor strategies in the regulation of upright balance". Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation. 4: 19. doi:10.1186/1743-0003-4-19. PMC 1910603. PMID 17584501.
- Sinitksi EH, Terry K, Wilken JM, Dingwell JB (August 2012). "Effects of perturbation magnitude on dynamic stability when walking in destabilizing environments". Journal of Biomechanics. 45 (12): 2084–91. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.05.039. PMC 9128720. PMID 22749389.
- Cofré Lizama LE, Pijnappels M, Faber GH, Reeves PN, Verschueren SM, van Dieën JH (2014). "Age effects on mediolateral balance control". PLOS ONE. 9 (10): e110757. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9k0757C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0110757. PMC 4211707. PMID 25350846.