2016–17 CONCACAF Champions League

The 2016–17 CONCACAF Champions League (officially the 2016–17 Scotiabank CONCACAF Champions League for sponsorship reasons)[1][2] was the 9th edition of the CONCACAF Champions League under its current name, and overall the 52nd edition of the premier football club competition organized by CONCACAF, the regional governing body of North America, Central America, and the Caribbean.

2016–17 CONCACAF Champions League
2016–17 Scotiabank CONCACAF Champions League
Tournament details
DatesAugust 2, 2016 – April 26, 2017
Teams24 (from 12 associations)
Final positions
ChampionsMexico Pachuca (5th title)
Runners-upMexico UANL
Tournament statistics
Matches played62
Goals scored197 (3.18 per match)
Top scorer(s)Mexico Hirving Lozano (8 goals)
Best player(s)Argentina Franco Jara
Best young playerMexico Hirving Lozano
Best goalkeeperMexico Alfonso Blanco
Fair play awardUnited States FC Dallas

Pachuca won their fifth title, and their first since 2009–10, by defeating UANL 2–1 on aggregate in the final. As the winner of the 2016–17 CONCACAF Champions League, Pachuca qualified as the CONCACAF representative at the 2017 FIFA Club World Cup in the United Arab Emirates.[3] América won the previous two tournaments, but did not qualify for this tournament and were unable to defend their title.

Qualification
Location of teams of the 2016–17 CONCACAF Champions League
Brown: Group A; Red: Group B; Orange: Group C; Yellow: Group D;
Green: Group E; Blue: Group F; Purple: Group G; Pink: Group H.

A total of 24 teams participated in the CONCACAF Champions League: nine from the North American Zone (from three associations), twelve from the Central American Zone (from at most seven associations), and three from the Caribbean Zone (from at most three associations).[3] Therefore, a maximum of 13 out of the 41 CONCACAF member associations could participate in the tournament.

Clubs could be disqualified and replaced by a club from another association if the club did not have an available stadium that met CONCACAF regulations for safety. If a club's own stadium failed to meet the set standards then it could find a suitable replacement stadium within its own country. However, if it was still determined that the club could not provide the adequate facilities then it ran the risk of being replaced.

North America

Nine teams from the North American Football Union (NAFU) qualified to the Champions League. The allocation to the three NAFU member associations was as follows: four berths for each of Mexico and the United States, and one berth for Canada.

For Mexico, the winners and runners-up of the Liga MX Apertura and Clausura tournaments earned berths in Pot 3 of the tournament's group stage. If a team reached both tournament finals, the vacated berth was reallocated using a formula, based on regular season records, that ensured that two teams qualified via each tournament.

For the United States, three berths were allocated through the Major League Soccer (MLS) regular season and playoffs, to the MLS Cup winners and the regular season Eastern Conference and Western Conference winners (if U.S.-based); the fourth berth was allocated to the winner of its domestic cup competition, the U.S. Open Cup. All four teams were placed in Pot 3. If a team qualified through multiple berths, or if any of the MLS berths were taken by a Canada-based MLS team, the berth was reallocated to the best U.S.-based team in the Supporters' Shield table which had failed to otherwise qualify.

For Canada, the winners of the domestic cup competition, the Voyageurs Cup (competed for in the Canadian Championship), earned the lone Canadian berth into the tournament, in Pot 2 (moved from Pot 1 in the previous edition).[4]

Central America

Twelve teams from the Central American Football Union (UNCAF) qualified to the Champions League. The allocation to the seven UNCAF member associations was as follows: two berths for each of Costa Rica, Honduras, Guatemala, Panama and El Salvador, and one berth for each of Nicaragua and Belize. The teams from Costa Rica, Honduras, Guatemala, and the first team from Panama were placed in Pot 2, and the second team from Panama and the teams from El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Belize were placed in Pot 1 (second team from Panama moved from Pot 2 in the previous edition).

All of these leagues employed a split season with two tournaments in one year, so both tournament champions qualified if there were two available berths (if the same team won both tournaments, the runner-up with the better aggregate record also qualified), or the champion with the better aggregate record qualified if there was only one available berth.

If one or more clubs was precluded, it was supplanted by a club from another Central American association. The reallocation was based on results from previous Champions League tournaments.

Caribbean

Three teams from the Caribbean Football Union (CFU) qualified to the Champions League. The three berths, in Pot 1, were allocated to the top three finishers of the CFU Club Championship, a subcontinental tournament open to clubs from the 31 CFU member associations. In order for a team to qualify for the CFU Club Championship, they usually needed to finish as the champions or runners-up of their respective association's league in the previous season, but professional teams could also be selected by their associations if they played in the league of another country.

If any Caribbean club was precluded, it was supplanted by the fourth-place finisher from the CFU Club Championship.

Teams

The following 24 teams (from 12 associations) qualified for the tournament.

In the following table, the number of appearances, last appearance, and previous best result count only those in the CONCACAF Champions League era starting from 2008–09 (not counting those in the era of the Champions' Cup from 1962 to 2008).

Association Team Pot Qualifying method App Last App Previous Best
North America (9 teams)
Mexico Mexico
4 berths		 UANL 3 2015 Apertura champions 3rd 2015–16 Runners-up
(2015–16)
Pachuca 2016 Clausura champions 3rd 2014–15 Champions
(2009–10)
UNAM 2015 Apertura runners-up 4th 2011–12 Semifinals
(2 times)
Monterrey 2016 Clausura runners-up 4th 2012–13 Champions
(3 times)
United States United States
4 berths		 Portland Timbers 2015 MLS Cup champions 2nd 2014–15 Group stage
(2014–15)
New York Red Bulls 2015 MLS Supporters' Shield champions 3rd 2014–15 Group stage
(2014–15)
FC Dallas 2015 MLS Western Conference regular season champions 2nd 2011–12 Group stage
(2011–12)
Sporting Kansas City 2015 U.S. Open Cup champions 3rd 2014–15 Quarterfinals
(2013–14)
Canada Canada
1 berth		 Vancouver Whitecaps FC 2 2015 Canadian Championship champions 2nd 2015–16 Group stage
(2015–16)
Central America (12 teams)
Costa Rica Costa Rica
2 berths		 Saprissa 2 2015 Invierno champions 6th 2015–16 Semifinals
(2010–11)
Herediano 2016 Verano champions 7th 2015–16 Semifinals
(2014–15)
Honduras Honduras
2 berths		 Honduras Progreso 2015 Apertura champions 1st N/A N/A
Olimpia 2016 Clausura champions 9th 2015–16 Quarterfinals
(2 times)
Guatemala Guatemala
2 berths		 Antigua 2015 Apertura champions 1st N/A N/A
Suchitepéquez 2016 Clausura champions 1st N/A N/A
Panama Panama
2 berths		 Árabe Unido 2015 Apertura champions 5th 2015–16 Quarterfinals
(2 times)
Plaza Amador 1 2016 Clausura champions 1st N/A N/A
El Salvador El Salvador
2 berths		 Alianza 2015 Apertura champions 2nd 2011–12 Preliminary round
(2011–12)
Dragón 2016 Clausura champions 1st N/A N/A
Nicaragua Nicaragua
1 berth		 Real Estelí Champions with better aggregate record in 2015–16 season 6th 2014–15 Group stage
(3 times)
Belize Belize
1 berth		 Police United Champions with better aggregate record in 2015–16 season 1st N/A N/A
Caribbean (3 teams)
Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago
2 teams		 Central 1 2016 CFU Club Championship champions 2nd 2015–16 Group stage
(2015–16)
W Connection 2016 CFU Club Championship runners-up 5th 2015–16 Group stage
(4 times)
Haiti Haiti
1 team		 Don Bosco 2016 CFU Club Championship third place 1st N/A N/A

Draw

The draw for the tournament was held on May 30, 2016, 20:00 EDT (UTC−4), at the Fontainebleau Hotel in Miami Beach, Florida.[5][6][7]

The 24 teams were drawn into eight groups of three, with each group containing one team from each of the three pots. Teams from the same association (excluding "wildcard" teams which replace a team from another association) could not be drawn with each other in the group stage, and teams from Mexico and the United States had to be drawn into separate groups.[3]

The allocation of teams to each pot was based on the results of the last four editions of the competition under the current format:[5]

  • Pot 1 contained the second team from Panama, two teams from El Salvador, one team each from Nicaragua and Belize, and three teams from the Caribbean.
  • Pot 2 contained two teams each from Costa Rica, Honduras, and Guatemala, the first team from Panama, and one team from Canada.
  • Pot 3 contained four teams each from Mexico and the United States.
Pot 1
Panama Plaza Amador El Salvador Alianza El Salvador Dragón Nicaragua Real Estelí
Belize Police United Trinidad and Tobago Central Trinidad and Tobago W Connection Haiti Don Bosco
Pot 2
Costa Rica Herediano Costa Rica Saprissa Honduras Olimpia Honduras Honduras Progreso
Guatemala Suchitepéquez Guatemala Antigua Panama Árabe Unido Canada Vancouver Whitecaps FC
Pot 3
Mexico UANL Mexico Pachuca Mexico UNAM Mexico Monterrey
United States Portland Timbers United States New York Red Bulls United States FC Dallas United States Sporting Kansas City

Schedule

The schedule of the competition was as follows.

Stage Round First leg Second leg
Group stage Matchday 1 August 2–4, 2016
Matchday 2 August 16–18, 2016
Matchday 3 August 23–25, 2016
Matchday 4 September 13–15, 2016
Matchday 5 September 27–29, 2016
Matchday 6 October 18–20, 2016
Knockout stage Quarter-finals February 21–23, 2017 February 28 – March 2, 2017
Semi-finals March 14–15, 2017 April 4–5, 2017
Final April 18, 2017 April 26, 2017

Group stage
Main article: 2016–17 CONCACAF Champions League group stage

In the group stage, each group was played on a home-and-away round-robin basis. The winners of each group advanced to the quarter-finals of the knockout stage.

Group A
Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification UNA HON WCO
1 Mexico UNAM 4 3 0 1 15 5 +10 9 Quarter-finals — 2−0 8−1
2 Honduras Honduras Progreso 4 2 1 1 4 4 0 7 2–1 — 1–0
3 Trinidad and Tobago W Connection 4 0 1 3 4 14 −10 1 2–4 1–1 —
Source: CONCACAF

Group B
Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification SAP POR DRA
1 Costa Rica Saprissa 4 2 2 0 11 3 +8 8 Quarter-finals — 4–2 6−0
2 United States Portland Timbers 4 2 1 1 7 7 0 7 1−1 — 2–1
3 El Salvador Dragón 4 0 1 3 2 10 −8 1 0−0 1–2 —
Source: CONCACAF

Group C
Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification VAN SKC CEN
1 Canada Vancouver Whitecaps FC 4 4 0 0 10 2 +8 12 Quarter-finals — 3–0 4–1
2 United States Sporting Kansas City 4 1 1 2 6 8 −2 4 1–2 — 3–1
3 Trinidad and Tobago Central 4 0 1 3 4 10 −6 1 0–1 2–2 —
Source: CONCACAF

Group D
Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification ÁRA MON DON
1 Panama Árabe Unido 4 4 0 0 12 5 +7 12 Quarter-finals — 2–1 2–0
2 Mexico Monterrey 4 2 0 2 9 5 +4 6 2–3 — 3–0
3 Haiti Don Bosco 4 0 0 4 2 13 −11 0 2–5 0–3 —
Source: CONCACAF

Group E
Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification PAC OLI POL
1 Mexico Pachuca 4 3 1 0 19 4 +15 10 Quarter-finals — 1–0 3–0
2 Honduras Olimpia 4 2 1 1 13 6 +7 7 4–4 — 4–0
3 Belize Police United 4 0 0 4 1 23 −22 0 0–11 1–5 —
Source: CONCACAF

Group F
Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification NYR ALI ANT
1 United States New York Red Bulls 4 2 2 0 5 1 +4 8 Quarter-finals — 1–0 3–0
2 El Salvador Alianza 4 1 2 1 5 4 +1 5 1–1 — 1–1
3 Guatemala Antigua 4 0 2 2 2 7 −5 2 0–0 1–3 —
Source: CONCACAF

Group G
Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification UAN HER PLA
1 Mexico UANL 4 3 0 1 9 3 +6 9 Quarter-finals — 3–0 3–1
2 Costa Rica Herediano 4 1 1 2 4 7 −3 4 1–3 — 2–0
3 Panama Plaza Amador 4 1 1 2 3 6 −3 4 1–0 1–1 —
Source: CONCACAF

Group H
Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification DAL SUC EST
1 United States FC Dallas 4 2 2 0 8 4 +4 8 Quarter-finals — 0–0 2–1
2 Guatemala Suchitepéquez 4 1 2 1 4 6 −2 5 2–5 — 1–0
3 Nicaragua Real Estelí 4 0 2 2 3 5 −2 2 1–1 1–1 —
Source: CONCACAF

Knockout stage
Main article: 2016–17 CONCACAF Champions League knockout stage

In the knockout stage, the eight teams played a single-elimination tournament. Each tie was played on a home-and-away two-legged basis, with the higher-seeded team hosting the second leg. The away goals rule was used if the aggregate score was level after normal time of the second leg, but not after extra time, and so a tie was decided by penalty shoot-out if the aggregate score was level after extra time of the second leg (Regulations, II. D. Tie-Breaker Procedures).[3]

Seeding

The qualified teams were seeded 1–8 in the knockout stage according to their results in the group stage.

Seed Grp Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts
1 C Canada Vancouver Whitecaps FC 4 4 0 0 10 2 +8 12
2 D Panama Árabe Unido 4 4 0 0 12 5 +7 12
3 E Mexico Pachuca 4 3 1 0 19 4 +15 10
4 A Mexico UNAM 4 3 0 1 15 5 +10 9
5 G Mexico UANL 4 3 0 1 9 3 +6 9
6 B Costa Rica Saprissa 4 2 2 0 11 3 +8 8
7 H United States FC Dallas 4 2 2 0 8 4 +4 8
8 F United States New York Red Bulls 4 2 2 0 5 1 +4 8
Source: CONCACAF
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Goal difference; 3) Goals scored; 4) Away goals scored; 5) Wins; 6) Away wins; 7) Drawing of lots (Regulations, II. D. Tie-Breaker Procedures).[3]

Bracket
Quarter-finals Semi-finals Final
               
5 Mexico UANL 1 3 4
4 Mexico UNAM 1 0 1
5 Mexico UANL 2 2 4
1 Canada Vancouver Whitecaps FC 0 1 1
8 United States New York Red Bulls 1 0 1
1 Canada Vancouver Whitecaps FC 1 2 3
5 Mexico UANL 1 0 1
3 Mexico Pachuca 1 1 2
7 United States FC Dallas 4 1 5
2 Panama Árabe Unido 0 2 2
7 United States FC Dallas 2 1 3
3 Mexico Pachuca 1 3 4
6 Costa Rica Saprissa 0 0 0
3 Mexico Pachuca 0 4 4

Quarter-finals
Team 1 Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score Team 2 1st leg 2nd leg
New York Red Bulls United States 1–3 Canada Vancouver Whitecaps FC 1–1 0–2
FC Dallas United States 5–2 Panama Árabe Unido 4–0 1–2
Saprissa Costa Rica 0–4 Mexico Pachuca 0–0 0–4
UANL Mexico 4–1 Mexico UNAM 1–1 3–0

Semi-finals
Team 1 Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score Team 2 1st leg 2nd leg
UANL Mexico 4–1 Canada Vancouver Whitecaps FC 2–0 2–1
FC Dallas United States 3–4 Mexico Pachuca 2–1 1–3

Final
Main article: 2017 CONCACAF Champions League Final
Team 1 Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score Team 2 1st leg 2nd leg
UANL Mexico 1–2 Mexico Pachuca 1–1 0–1

Top goalscorers
Rank Player Club Goals
1 Mexico Hirving Lozano Mexico Pachuca 8
2 Argentina Franco Jara Mexico Pachuca 6
3 Panama José González Panama Árabe Unido 5
Uruguay Cristian Techera Canada Vancouver Whitecaps FC
5 Colombia Óscar Guerrero El Salvador Alianza 4
6 United States Kellyn Acosta United States FC Dallas 3
Costa Rica Marvin Angulo Costa Rica Saprissa
Panama Rolando Blackburn Costa Rica Saprissa
Colombia Edwin Cardona Mexico Monterrey
Honduras Carlo Costly Honduras Olimpia
Mexico Eduardo Herrera Mexico UNAM
Honduras Víctor Moncada Honduras Honduras Progreso
Mexico Alfonso Nieto Mexico UNAM
Costa Rica Yendrick Ruiz Costa Rica Herediano
Uruguay Jonathan Urretaviscaya Mexico Pachuca

Source: CONCACAF.com[8]

Awards
Award Player Team
Golden Ball[9] Argentina Franco Jara Mexico Pachuca
Golden Boot[10] Mexico Hirving Lozano Mexico Pachuca
Golden Glove[11] Mexico Alfonso Blanco Mexico Pachuca
Best Young Player[12] Mexico Hirving Lozano Mexico Pachuca
Fair Play Award — United States FC Dallas
Week Player of the week Goalkeeper of the week
Player Team Player Team
Group stage
Week 1 Mexico Luis Quintana[13] Mexico UNAM Nicaragua Justo Lorente[14] Nicaragua Real Estelí
Week 2 Costa Rica Marvin Angulo[15] Costa Rica Saprissa Guatemala Manuel Sosa[16] Guatemala Suchitepéquez
Week 3 Panama Yoel Bárcenas[17] Panama Árabe Unido Belize Keith Allen[18] Belize Police United
Week 4 Mexico Hirving Lozano[19] Mexico Pachuca Dominican Republic Miguel Lloyd[20] Panama Árabe Unido
Week 5 Uruguay Cristian Techera[21] Canada Vancouver Whitecaps FC Belize Woodrow West[22] Honduras Honduras Progreso
Week 6 Ecuador Fidel Martínez[23] Mexico UNAM Haiti James Elan[24] Haiti Don Bosco
Knockout stage
Week 7 Uruguay Matías Britos[25] Mexico UNAM Mexico Alfonso Blanco[26] Mexico Pachuca
Week 8 Uruguay Jonathan Urretaviscaya[27] Mexico Pachuca Mexico Alfonso Blanco[28] Mexico Pachuca
Week 9 Chile Eduardo Vargas[29] Mexico UANL United States Chris Seitz[30] United States FC Dallas
Week 10 Mexico Javier Aquino[31] Mexico UANL Denmark David Ousted[32] Canada Vancouver Whitecaps FC

Prize money

The four semi-finalists received prize money from CONCACAF.[33]

RoundNo. of clubs
receiving money		Prize money
per club
Champions1$500,000
Runners-up1$300,000
Semi-finalists2$200,000
Total4$1,200,000

See also

References
  1. "Scotiabank Joins CONCACAF as Official Partner". CONCACAF.com. December 9, 2014.
  2. "Official Logo Unveiled for Scotiabank CONCACAF Champions League". CONCACAF.com. February 10, 2015.
  3. "Scotiabank CONCACAF Champions League 2016–17 Regulations" (PDF). CONCACAF.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 24, 2016. Retrieved May 30, 2016.
  4. "Whitecaps FC placed in Pot 2 for 2016-17 CONCACAF Champions League draw". Vancouver Whitecaps FC. May 23, 2016.
  5. "Official Draw Confirmed for the 2016/17 Scotiabank CONCACAF Champions League". CONCACAF.com. May 23, 2016. Archived from the original on May 27, 2016. Retrieved June 13, 2016.
  6. "Official Draw: Scotiabank CONCACAF Champions League 2016-17". CONCACAF.com. Archived from the original on June 2, 2016. Retrieved June 13, 2016.
  7. "Miami Beach Draw Produces Matchups for 2016/17 Scotiabank CONCACAF Champions League Group Stage". CONCACAF.com. May 30, 2016. Archived from the original on June 4, 2016. Retrieved June 13, 2016.
  8. "CONCACAF Champions League – Statistics". CONCACAF.com. Archived from the original on January 21, 2018. Retrieved August 5, 2016.
  9. "Jara named Scotiabank CCL Golden Ball winner". CONCACAF.com. April 27, 2017.
  10. "Pachuca's Lozano captures SCCL Golden Boot". CONCACAF.com. April 27, 2017.
  11. "Pachuca's Blanco grasps SCCL Golden Glove". CONCACAF.com. April 27, 2017. Archived from the original on July 22, 2017. Retrieved May 1, 2017.
  12. "Pachuca's Lozano wins Scotiabank Best Young Player Award". CONCACAF.com. April 27, 2017.
  13. "Player of the Week #SCCLWeekly – August 2-4, 2016". CONCACAF. Archived from the original on August 8, 2016. Retrieved August 19, 2016.
  14. "Goalkeeper of the Week – #SCCLWeekly August 2-4, 2016". CONCACAF. Archived from the original on August 12, 2016. Retrieved August 19, 2016.
  15. "Player of the Week – #SCCLWeekly August 16-18, 2016". CONCACAF. Archived from the original on August 24, 2016. Retrieved August 19, 2016.
  16. "Goalkeeper of the Week – #SCCLWeekly August 16-18, 2016". CONCACAF. Archived from the original on August 25, 2016. Retrieved August 19, 2016.
  17. "Player of the Week – #SCCLWeekly August 23-25, 2016". CONCACAF. Archived from the original on August 27, 2016. Retrieved August 26, 2016.
  18. "Goalkeeper of the Week – #SCCLWeekly August 23-25, 2016". CONCACAF. Archived from the original on August 27, 2016. Retrieved August 26, 2016.
  19. "Player of the Week – #SCCLWeekly September 13-15, 2016". CONCACAF. Archived from the original on September 20, 2016. Retrieved September 16, 2016.
  20. "Goalkeeper of the Week – #SCCLWeekly September 13-15, 2016". CONCACAF. Archived from the original on September 20, 2016. Retrieved September 16, 2016.
  21. "Player of the Week – #SCCLWeekly September 27-29, 2016". CONCACAF. Archived from the original on October 8, 2016. Retrieved October 1, 2016.
  22. "Goalkeeper of the Week – #SCCLWeekly September 27-29, 2016". CONCACAF. Archived from the original on October 8, 2016. Retrieved October 1, 2016.
  23. "Player of the Week – #SCCLWeekly October 18-20, 2016". CONCACAF. Archived from the original on October 8, 2016. Retrieved October 1, 2016.
  24. "Goalkeeper of the Week – #SCCLWeekly October 18-20, 2016". CONCACAF. Archived from the original on October 22, 2016. Retrieved October 21, 2016.
  25. "Player of the Week – #SCCLWeekly February 21-23, 2017". CONCACAF. February 24, 2017. Archived from the original on February 25, 2017. Retrieved February 25, 2017.
  26. "Goalkeeper of the Week – #SCCLWeekly February 21-23, 2017". CONCACAF. February 24, 2017. Archived from the original on February 25, 2017. Retrieved February 25, 2017.
  27. "Player of the Week – #SCCLWeekly February 28-March 2, 2017". CONCACAF. March 3, 2017. Archived from the original on March 4, 2017. Retrieved March 3, 2017.
  28. "Goalkeeper of the Week – #SCCLWeekly February 28-March 2, 2017". CONCACAF. March 3, 2017. Archived from the original on March 4, 2017. Retrieved March 3, 2017.
  29. "Player of the Week – #SCCLWeekly March 14-15, 2017". CONCACAF. March 16, 2017. Archived from the original on March 26, 2017. Retrieved March 25, 2017.
  30. "Goalkeeper of the Week – #SCCLWeekly March 14-15, 2017". CONCACAF. March 16, 2017. Archived from the original on March 26, 2017. Retrieved March 25, 2017.
  31. "Player of the Week – #SCCLWeekly April 4-5, 2017". CONCACAF. April 7, 2017. Archived from the original on April 16, 2017. Retrieved April 15, 2017.
  32. "Goalkeeper of the Week – #SCCLWeekly April 4-5, 2017". CONCACAF. April 7, 2017. Archived from the original on April 16, 2017. Retrieved April 15, 2017.
  33. "Scotiabank CONCACAF Champions League to Benefit from New Prize Money Structure Starting in 2016/17 Season". CONCACAF.com. June 15, 2016. Archived from the original on June 19, 2016. Retrieved June 16, 2016.
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