Cadlina laevis

The white Atlantic cadlina is found, dispersed in widely separated populations, on rocky bottoms from the low tide zone to depths of 800 m, ranging from the Arctic to the North Atlantic (Canadian Arctic Archipelago, Spitsbergen, Iceland, Greenland). Along the North American coast its range reaches as far south as Massachusetts. It also occurs along the European coast from Norway to northern Spain. The reporting of a Cadlina with yellow markings near the Portuguese west coast could be an unnamed species of Cadlina.[1]

Cadlina laevis has a flattened, white, semitransparent, oval mantle. There appear to be two color varieties: one showing bright yellow spots near the thin, yellow margin on the back, the other is milky white and lacks spots.[2] There is also an intermediate form with milky yellow spots.[3] These forms do not seem to occur together: the yellow-spotted form lives in deeper water, whereas the other form lives intertidally.

The short, cephalic tentacles are comblike, and the short, tripinnate gills at the back are cryptobranchiate, i.e. they can retract at the same time in a common branchial pit.

The observed length of these sea slugs varies between 25 mm[4] and 32 mm.

The maximum recorded length is 17 mm.[5]

Minimum recorded depth is 0 m.[5] Maximum recorded depth is 250 m.[5]

This nudibranch preys on encrusting slime sponges, such as Halisarca dujardini or, in deeper waters, the sponge Dysidea fragilis. They are reported to breed at the end of winter. The penis of the male is encrusted with tiny chitinous hooks. They reproduce by direct development. When the eggs hatch after ca. fifty days, they give small slugs, forgoing the planktonic larval stage. The veliger phase occurs within the eggs.

• Johnson R.F. (2011) Breaking family ties: taxon sampling and molecular phylogeny of chromodorid nudibranchs (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Zoologica Scripta 40(2): 137–157. page(s): 139

• J. Sherman Bleakney (1996). Sea Slugs of Atlantic Canada and the Gulf of Maine. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada: Nimbus Publishing & Nova Scotia Museum. p. 216. ISBN 1-55109-192-5. Archived from the original on 15 June 2010. Retrieved 26 April 2009.
• Thompson T. E. (1967). "Direct development in a Nudibranch, Cadlina laevis, with a discussion of developmental processes in Opisthobranchia". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 47(1): 1-22. doi:10.1017/S0025315400033518

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cadlina laevis.

• The Sea Slug Forum: fact sheet
• MarLIN: Cadlina laevis
• Picton, B.E. & Morrow, C.C., 2010. Cadlina laevis [In] Encyclopedia of Marine Life of Britain and Ireland