Caenorhabditis briggsae

Caenorhabditis briggsae is a small nematode, closely related to Caenorhabditis elegans. The differences between the two species are subtle. The male tail in C. briggsae has a slightly different morphology from C. elegans. Other differences include changes in vulval precursor competence and the placement of the excretory duct opening.[1] C. briggsae is frequently used to study the differences between it and the more intimately understood C. elegans, especially at the DNA and protein sequence level. Several mutant strains of C. briggsae have also been isolated that facilitate genetic analysis of this organism.[2] C. briggsae, like C. elegans, is a hermaphrodite.[3] The genome sequence for C. briggsae was determined in 2003.[4]

Caenorhabditis briggsae
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Nematoda
Class: Chromadorea
Order: Rhabditida
Family: Rhabditidae
Genus: Caenorhabditis
Species:
C. briggsae
Binomial name
Caenorhabditis briggsae
(Dougherty and Nigon, 1949)
Synonyms

Rhabditis briggsae Dougherty and Nigon, 1949

History

C. briggsae was initially discovered by Margaret Briggs in 1944. The first individuals were isolated from a pile of leaves found on the Palo Alto campus of Stanford University. Briggs, who was studying for her MS, identified the nematodes as an unknown species of the genus Rhabditis.[5] They were formally described in 1949 by Dougherty and Nigon and named Rhabditis briggsae. Both C. briggsae and C. elegans (then known as Rhabditis elegans) were placed into a new subgenus Caenorhabditis in 1952. The subgenus was later elevated to a genus in 1955. Briggs' initial work with the organism looked at its lifecycle in various kinds of media in the presence and absence of bacteria. She later used the organism in studies on the effects of antibiotics. This work was important in the development of axenic culture methods.[6]

Habitat

C. briggsae can often be found in compost, garden beds, moist mushrooms, or rotting fruit rich with microorganisms and various nutrients. The organism's main habitat is often considered to be the temperate regions of the globe, often accompanying its relatives C. elegans and C. remanei.[7]

Overview of genome

The genome of C. briggsae is roughly 100 Mb in size and is predicted to encode about 20,000 genes.[8] The whole genome sequencing project[9] revealed the genomes of C. briggsae and C. elegans to have much in common. For example, both worms have the same number of chromosomes (six), similar genome size, and similar numbers of protein coding and nonprotein coding genes. Further analysis demonstrated about 62% of the protein-coding genes in C. briggsae have orthologs in C. elegans. Nevertheless, many interesting species-specific features including genes exist, which serve as the foundation for comparative analysis.[10]

Comparative genomics

This species groups with C. nigoni in the 'Elegans' supergroup in phylogenetic studies.

with C. elegans

C. briggsae is a soil nematode estimated to have diverged from C. elegans around 80–100 million years ago, and yet is morphologically almost indistinguishable from it. Areas of sequence-encoding proteins are mostly conserved between the two species, while most intergenic and intronic sequences are divergent. Areas of similarity between the sequences of the two organisms can suggest coding exons or point to regulatory regions and to RNA genes missed in standard analysis.[11]

References
  1. Gupta, B. P.; Sternberg, P. W. (2003). "The draft genome sequence of the nematode Caenorhabditis briggsae, a companion to C. elegans". Genome Biology. 4 (12): 238. doi:10.1186/gb-2003-4-12-238. PMC 329410. PMID 14659008.
  2. Nematode C. briggsae Research Resource
  3. Haag, Eric S. (2005). "The evolution of nematode sex determination: C. elegans as a reference point for comparative biology". WormBook: The Online Review of C. Elegans Biology: 1–14. doi:10.1895/wormbook.1.120.1. PMC 4781019. PMID 18050417.
  4. Stein, L. D.; Blasiar, Darin; et al. (2003). "The Genome Sequence of Caenorhabditis briggsae: A Platform for Comparative Genomics". PLOS Biology. 1 (2): 166–192. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0000045. PMC 261899. PMID 14624247.
  5. Ellsworth C Dougherty Archived 2008-05-26 at the Wayback Machine
  6. Ferris, Howard; Hieb, W.F. (2015). "Ellsworth C. Dougherty: A Pioneer in the Selection of Caenorhabditis elegans as a Model Organism". Genetics. 200 (4): 991–1002. doi:10.1534/genetics.115.178913. PMC 4574257. PMID 26272995.
  7. Watson L. D.; et al. (2007). "Caenorhabditis briggsae". Washington University in St. Louis. Archived from the original on 2010-06-01. Retrieved 2010-03-09.
  8. "WormBase: Nematode Information Resource". Archived from the original on 2017-04-20. Retrieved 2017-06-01.
  9. Stein et al., 2003
  10. Genomics and biology of the nematode Caenorhabditis briggsae
  11. C. briggsae Project
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