Canadian Pacific Hotels

Canadian Pacific Hotels (CPH) was a division of the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) that primarily operated hotels across Canada, since passenger revenue made a significant contribution to early railway profitability. CPR restructured the division as a subsidiary in 1963. In 1988, CPR purchased the Canadian National Hotels chain, making Canadian Pacific Hotels and Resorts the nation's largest hotel owner. In 1998, all CPH properties were branded as either Fairmont or Delta.

In 2006, Kingdom Hotels International and Colony Capital purchased Fairmont, consolidating their hotel brands to form Fairmont Raffles Hotels International (FRHI), which in turn became a subsidiary of AccorHotels in 2016. In 2007, BC Investment Management Corp. bought Delta Hotels, which was purchased by Marriott International in 2015.

Empress Hotel, Victoria BC, 2013
Château Frontenac, Quebec City QC, 2009

Early hotels

Place Viger Hotel & station, Montreal, c.1900

Since passenger revenue made a significant contribution to railway profitability,[1] facilities, such as hotels, were essential for attracting passenger traffic. The three earliest locations (Mount Stephen House, Glacier House and North Bend) were initially only dining stops, necessary because steep railway grades made hauling a dining car uneconomical.[2] Thomas Sorby's design for these three hotels was inspired by Swiss Chalets.[3]

Former CP hotel, Balfour BC, 1918

Hotels were established mainly at locations that connected with other passenger rail or ferry routes, but some rural locations, especially in the Canadian Rockies/Selkirk Mountains, became tourist destinations in their own right. After the success of the original Banff Springs Hotel, described as a "Tudor chalet in wood",[4] CPR lobbied the government to create Banff National Park, the first in Canada.[5] Indisputably, national parks protected CPH's commercial interests in such localities.[6] The opportunity to participate in mountaineering excursions, led by professional Swiss guides, featured in CPH's promotion of the respective accommodation.[7] Scenic images, often including a hotel, illustrated the CPH publicity brochures.[8]

Urban and township land sales financed the construction of the early hotels.[9] In the late-19th to early-20th century, CPH commonly adopted a châteauesque architectural style for building, or enlarging, significant hotels.[10] The earliest example was Château Frontenac.[11] Notable features included steeply pitched copper roofs, blue-green from oxidation, ornate gables, dormer windows, and an irregular placement of towers and turrets.[12]

The visual appeal of this design prompted other railway companies to imitate it.[13] CPR, or its later competitors, Canadian Northern Railway and Grand Trunk Pacific Railway that became Canadian National Railway (CN), built grandiose railway hotels in every major Canadian city.[14] However, CPR quickly reverted to a simpler style of a flat roof and limited ornamental features when designing most city hotels.[13]

With growing automobile traffic, and tourists seeking cheaper accommodation, CPH retained only the more profitable urban and destination hotels. The resort hotels opened in summer only.[15] Year round opening began in 1969 for Banff Springs Hotel,[16] and in 1974 for Chateau Lake Louise.[17]

CPR restructured the division as a subsidiary in 1963.[18]

Bungalow camps & tea houses

French River Bungalow Camp, ON, c.1945

Each bungalow camp, comprising a group of cabins with a communal lodge, was in a relatively remote forest area, reached by hiking or horseback. Although initially catering to an elite, mainly American, tourist, they ultimately attracted a broader audience. The log cabin at Lake Louise (1891–1893) was perhaps a forerunner to this concept.[19] The subsequent adoption of the log design not only created a pioneer appearance, but also provided the necessary insulation for a cold mountainous region.[20] CN copied the concept at Jasper Park Lodge.[21] Despite the rustic cabin exteriors, the interiors contained the modern comforts of the period.[22] Presented as more adventurous than a hotel stay, it was scarcely roughing it.[23] Although primarily in the west, Ontario also had three camps.

The CPH rest structures and teahouses, at scenic locations along nearby trails, similarly adopted a rustic design. Teahouses existed at Summit Lake, Twin Falls, Natural Bridge, Lake Agnes and the Plain of Six Glaciers, the latter two still operating. Most rest houses were one-storey cabins at lower elevations.[24]

CPH initially encouraged automobile travel by building camps along the Banff-Windermere Highway, which opened in 1923.[23] In the 1930s, the term "bungalow" disappeared from the Canadian lexicon. When automobile vacationers switched to inexpensive campgrounds at this time, CPH disposed of the least profitable bungalow camps, followed by the remainder in the 1950s.[25]

Later hotels

After a 24-year break in building or acquiring properties, CPH constructed a series of hotels and motels during 1955–1999. The larger ones mostly adopted the "Chateau" prefix. Several international properties were operated, before exiting that market.

Chains acquired

Jasper Park Lodge on Lac Beauvert, Jasper AB, 2005

In 1988, CPR purchased the Canadian National Hotels chain, making Canadian Pacific Hotels and Resorts the nation's largest hotel owner.[26] In 1998, CPR purchased the Canadian Delta Hotels chain[27] and the international Princess Hotels chain.[28] The following year, San Francisco-based Fairmont Hotels and Resorts chain was acquired. Minority shareholders were Kingdom Hotels (USA) Ltd. and Maritz Wolff & Co, each holding a 16.5 per cent interest. All CPH properties were branded as either Fairmont or Delta. In 2001, CPH was renamed Fairmont Hotels and Resorts.[29] Later that year, Canadian Pacific Limited spun off all of its subsidiaries into separately traded companies, which included Fairmont Hotels and Resorts.[30]

In 2006, Kingdom Hotels International and Colony Capital, which also owned the Raffles and Swissôtel chains, bought Fairmont.[31] The following year, BC Investment Management Corp. bought Delta Hotels.[32] In 2015, AccorHotels acquired a controlling interest in FRHI, adding the Fairmont, Raffles, and Swissôtel chains to its Luxury Hotel Brands portfolio.[33] That year Marriott International bought the Delta chain.[34]

Canadian portfolio

Bungalow camps

NameOpened[35]LocalityDisposals/Redevelopment
Emerald Lake Bungalow1901Emerald LakeBC1959[25] beginning of several lessee changes;[36] 1979 Pat & Connie
O'Connor acquired.[37] Fairmont appears to still hold crown lease.[38]
Moraine Lake Bungalow1913Moraine LakeAB1930s sold.
Lake O'Hara Bungalow1920Lake O'HaraBC1954 Brewster-Ford Mountain Lodges;[39] lodge still operates;[40]
Fairmont appears to still hold crown lease.[41]
Lake Windermere Bnglw.1920Lk. WindermereBC1929 sublease for girls' camp.[42] Fairmont appears to still hold crown lease.[43]
Wapta Lake Bungalow1921Wapta LakeBC1954 subleased;[25]
Storm (Castle) Mtn. Bnglw.1922Storm MountainBC1930s subleased;[25] Storm Mountain Lodge.[44]
Yoho Valley Bungalow1922Yoho Nat. ParkBC1954 subleased;[25] The Whiskey Jack Hostel is the only surviving building.[45]
Radium (Sinclair) Hot
Springs Bungalow
1923RadiumBC1948 subleased to Addison;[46] 2001 Addison's Bungalow Camp relocated.[47]
Vermilion River Bungalow1923Vermilion RiverBC1929 closed; 1932 subleased to Victor H. Lord, who revived it;[48]
now known as Kootenay Park Lodge; several subsequent sublessees.[49]
Devil's Gap Bungalow1923KenoraON1961 sold to Austin H. Ford;[50] 2008 abandoned;
2019 partially destroyed by fire.[51]
Nipigon River Bungalow1923NipigonON1935 sold to Don Gapen, who ran as Chalet Lodge for several decades;
2018 Red Rock First Nation, refurbished and reopened.[52][53]
French River Bungalow1923French RiverON1945 sold to Clarence Honey; 1965 beginning of several ownership changes;
1988–92 major renovations followed by 3 owners; now French River Lodge.[54][55]

Hotels

NameOpenedLocalityFrom chain/ownerCP Hotels1999 rename[29]Disposals/Redevelopment
Grand Hotelc.1875Caledonia
Springs
ON1905unknownGrand Hotel1915 closed; 1920 demolished.[56]
Mount Stephen House1886
1902(extn)
FieldBCN/AMount Stephen
House
1918 YMCA hostel;[57]
1954 largely demolished;
1963 remainder demolished.[58]
Glacier House1887
multi(extn)
GlacierBCN/AGlacier House1925 closed; 1929 demolished.
Fraser Canyon House
[59]
1887(1st)
1928(2nd)
North BendBCN/AN. Bend Hotel1927 fire destroyed; 1929 rebuilt;[60]
1941 closed;[61] 1978 demolish.[59]
Hotel Vancouver (1st)1888[62]VancouverBCN/AHotel Vancouver1915 demolished after main section
of new hotel completed.[63]
Banff Springs Hotel1888(1st)
1914(extn)
1928(extn)
BanffABN/ABanff Springs
Hotel
The Fairmont
Banff Springs
[64]
1926 fire destroyed wooden 1888
building, leaving only 1914
concrete wing.[65]
The Algonquin Resort1889(1st)
multi(extn)
1914(2nd)
multi(extn)
St. AndrewsNB1905St. Andrews
Land Co.
[66]The
Algonquin
Resort
The Fairmont
Algonquin
.
1914 fire destroyed 1889 building;
2012 sold; 2013 Marriott
Autograph Collection.[67]
Cornwallis Hotel[68]1892(1st)
1930(2nd)
KentvilleNS1911Dominion
Atlantic

acquired
Cornwallis Inn1963 Franklin brothers; 1976 closed;
Don Wallace appt/off. conversion.[69]
Château Frontenac1893
1924(extn)
Quebec CityQCN/AChâteau
Frontenac
Fairmont
Le Château
Frontenac
.[70]
Chateau Lake Louise1894(1st)
multi(extn)
1912(extn)
multi(extn)
BanffABN/AChateau
Lake Louise
Fairmont
Chateau
Lake Louise
.[71]
1924 fire destroyed wooden
building, leaving only 1912
concrete wing.[72]
Hotel Revelstoke1897[73]RevelstokeBCN/AHotel
Revelstoke
1927 closed, 1928 dismantled.[73][74]
Place Viger Hotel/Stn.1898MontrealQCN/APlace Viger
Hotel/Stn.
1935 closed & disused;
2020 under redevelopment.[75]
Manoir Richelieu1899(1st)
1929(2nd)
La MalbaieQC1998Ray
Malenfant
Manoir
Richelieu
Fairmont
Le Manoir
Richelieu
.[76]
1928 fire destroyed 1899 building.
Hotel Sicamous1900[66]SicamousBCN/AHotel Sicamous1932 leased out; 1956 closed;[77]
1964 demolished.[73]
private residencec.1900St. AndrewsNB1907Henry
Osburn
[78]The Inn[79]1919 land swap with town;[78]
1937 destroyed.[80]
Station Hotel[79]1901McAdamNBN/AMcAdam
Hotel/Stn.
1959 closed;[81] now museum.
The Pines, Digby1903(1st)
1929(2nd)
DigbyNS1917Harry B.
Churchill
The Pines,
Digby
1928 closed 1903 building;
1965 Nova Scotia government property;
2001 NS Signature property.[82][83]
Royal Alexandra Hotel1906[66]WinnipegMBN/ARoyal
Alexandra
1967 closed; 1971 demolished.[84]
The Empress (hotel)1908
multi(extn)
VictoriaBCN/AThe
Empress
The Fairmont
Empress
.[85]
Kootenay Lake Hotel1911[73]BalfourBCN/AKootenay
Lake Hotel
c.1915 closed; 1917 sanitorium;
1929 destroyed.[73]
Château Laurier1912
multi(extn)
OttawaON1988Canadian
National
Château
Laurier
Fairmont
Chât. Laurier
.[86]
Cameron Lake
Chalet/Station
1912[73]Cameron
Lake
BCN/ACameron Lake
Chalet
1966 closed;[87]
1970 demolished.[88]
Incola Hotel
(or) Hotel Incola
1912[73]PentictonBCN/AIncola Hotel
(or) Hotel Incola
1942 leased to local syndicate;[89]
1950 sold to Hencott Houses;[90]
1959 sold to Jack C. Young;[91]
1966–1975 multiple owners;[92]
1979 closed; 1981 demolished.[73]
Palliser Hotel1914
1929(extn)
CalgaryABN/APalliser
Hotel
The Fairmont
Palliser
.[93]
Hotel Macdonald1915
1953(extn)
EdmontonAB1988Canadian
National
Hotel
Macdonald
Fairmont Hotel
Macdonald
.[94]
1983 demolition of 1953 extension.
Hotel Vancouver (2nd)1916VancouverBCN/AHotel Vancouver1939 repurposed as World War II
barracks; 1946 veteran housing;
1948 vacated; 1949 demolished.
Jasper Park Lodge
cabins first; main lodge 1923;
more buildings, replace main
lodge 1953; more buildings.
1922
1923(1st)
1953(2nd)
JasperAB1988Canadian
National
Jasper Park
Lodge
Fairmont
Jasper Park
Lodge
.[95]
1952 fire destroyed 1923 lodge.
Newfoundland Hotel1926(1st)
1982(2nd)
St. John'sNL1988Canadian
National
Hotel
Newfoundland
The Fairmont
Newfoundland
.
2009 Sheraton Newfoundland.[96]
Hotel Saskatchewan1927ReginaSKN/AHotel
Saskatchewan
1980 onwards various operators;
1993 Radisson property;[97]
2015 Marriott
Autograph Collection.[98][99]
Lord Nelson Hotel1928
multi(extn)
HalifaxNSN/ALord Nelson
Hotel
1947 sold to local interests.[100][101]
Royal York Hotel1929
1959(extn)
TorontoONN/ARoyal York
Hotel
The Fairmont
Royal York
.[102]
Château Montebello1930MontebelloQCN/AChâteau
Montebello
Fairmont
Le Château
Montebello
.[103]
1930 leased by Seigniory Club;
1970 CP resumed operation.
Lakeside Inn1931[104]YarmouthNSN/ALakeside Inn1960 sold to be nursing home.[105]
Hotel Vancouver (3rd)1939VancouverBC1988Canadian
National
Hotel
Vancouver
Fairmont Hotel
Vancouver
.[106]
Timberline Hotel1955[107]BanffAB1963Timberline
Hotel Ltd.
[108]Timberline Hotel1966 terminated lease;[109]
2005 renamed the Juniper Hotel
by Decore Hotels.[110][111]
The Queen Elizabeth
Hotel
1958MontrealQC1988Canadian
National
Queen
Elizabeth
Hotel
Fairmont
The Queen
Elizabeth
.[112]
Chateau Lacombe Hotel1966EdmontonABN/AChateau
Lacombe Hotel
1991 Holiday Inn Crowne Plaza;
1995 Crowne Plaza Chateau
Lacombe; 2013 independent.
Château Champlain1967MontrealQCN/AChâteau
Champlain
1995 Montreal Marriott
Château Champlain.[113]
Winnipeg Inn then
Westin Hotel Winnipeg
1970[114]WinnipegMB1998Westin
Hotels
The LombardThe Fairmont
Wpg.[114][115]
Le Baron Hotel1970[116]Trois-RivièresQCN/ALe BaronChoice Hotel Urbania;
c.2012 rename Rodeway Inn.[117]
North Star Inn1971[118]WinnipegMBN/ANorth Star Inn1983 Delta; 1998 Radisson.[119][120]
Red Oak Inn1972[121]BrandonMBN/ARed Oak Innc.1982 Royal Oak Inn;
1990 Genesis acquired;
2017 Choice Clarion
Hotel & Suites.[122][123][124]
Hotel Beauséjour1972[125]MonctonNB1988Canadian
National
Hotel
Beauséjour
Delta[lower-alpha 1]
Beauséjour.[126]
Chateau Halifax1973[127]HalifaxNSN/AChateau HalifaxDelta[lower-alpha 1] Halifax.2019 SilverBirch Hotel Halifax[128][129][130]
Red Oak Inn1974[131]Thunder BayONN/ARed Oak Inn1993 Victoria Inn Hotel
& Convention Centre[122][132]
Red Oak Inn1974[133]PeterboroughONN/ARed Oak Inn1998 Princess Gardens
seniors residence.[134][135]
Le Château
de l'Aéroport
1977MirabelQCN/ALe Château
de l'Aéroport
2002 hotel abandoned;
2004 airport abandoned.
Chateau Calgary
Airport
1979[136] CalgaryABN/AChateau
Calgary Apt.
Delta[lower-alpha 1] Calg. Apt
In-Terminal.[137]
Prince Edward Hotel1982[138]CharlottetownPEN/APrince Edward
Hotel
Delta[lower-alpha 1] Prince
Edward.[139]
Sheraton Toronto East1982[140]ScarboroughON1998Sheraton[141]Delta[lower-alpha 1]
Toronto E.[140]
L'Hôtel1984Downtown
Toronto
ON1988Canadian
National
L'Hôtel1993 InterContinental Crowne
Plaza Toronto Centre;
2003 rename InterContinental
Toronto Centre.[142]
Hotel/Lodge Kananaskis1987[143]Kananaskis
Village
ABN/AHotel/Lodge
Kananaskis
Delta[lower-alpha 1] Lodge
at Kananaskis.
2015 Marriott Pomeroy
Kananaskis Mtn. Lodge.[143][144]
Chateau Whistler1989[145]WhistlerBCN/AChateau
Whistler
The Fairmont
Chateau
Whistler.[146]
Skydome Hotel1989[147]Downtown
Toronto
ONN/ASkydome Hotel1999 Renaissance Toronto Dtn;[148]
2017 rename Toronto
Marriott City Centre Hotel.[149]
Waterfront Centre1991[150]VancouverBCN/AWaterfront
Centre
The Fairmont
Waterfront.[151]
Chateau Mt. Tremblant1996[152]Mt-TremblantQCN/AChateau Mt.
Tremblant
Fairmont
Tremblant.[153]
Vancouver Airport Place1999[154]RichmondBCN/AVancouver
Airport Place
The Fairmont
Vancouver Airport[155]
  1. Marriott prefix added to name after 2015 acquisition

Once under Delta brand

(See Delta Hotels)

US/international portfolio

Once under CP brand

Bahamas

  • Balmoral Beach Hotel, Nassau, Bahamas - now Sandals Royal Bahamian Resort
  • Lucayan Harbour Inn and Marina, Freeport, Bahamas, demolished to build Grand Bahama Yacht Club

Curaçao

Germany

Israel

Mexico

  • Continental Hilton, Mexico City, D.F. - Rebranded as Château Royal under CP Hotels ownership (1973-1980). Demolished after the 1985 earthquake.
  • El Mirador Plaza, Acapulco, Guerrero - now Mirador Acapulco Hotel.
  • Club Akumal Caribe, Caribe, Quintana Roo - now Hotel Akumal Caribe

United States

  • Franklin Plaza, Philadelphia, operated 1979–1984 - now Sheraton Philadelphia Downtown.

Acquired Fairmont properties

NameOpenedLocalityDisposals/Redevelopment
The Fairmont New Orleans1893Downtown New Orleans, Louisiana2005 closed; 2007 sold; 2009 reopened by
Waldorf Astoria as The Roosevelt New Orleans
[156][157]
Fairmont San Francisco1907San Francisco, Northern California[158]
The Plaza1907Midtown Manhattan, New York City[159]
Fairmont Copley Plaza1912Downtown Boston, Massachusetts[160]
The Fairmont Dallas1969Downtown Dallas, Texas[161]
Fairmont Chicago1987Chicago, Illinois[162]
The Fairmont San Jose1987Downtown San Jose, Southern California[163]

Acquired Princess properties

NameOpened
[164]
Locality1999 renameDisposals/Redevelopment
The Hamilton Princess1884Pembroke, BermudaThe Fairmont
Hamilton Princess
[165]
Pierre Marques1958Acapulco, MexicoThe Fairmont
Pierre Marques
2015 independent: The Pierre Mundo Imperial[166][167]
Acapulco Princess1971Acapulco, MexicoThe Fairmont
Acapulco Princess
2015 independent: The Princess Mundo Imperial[166][168]
The Southampton Princess1972Southampton Parish, BermudaThe Fairmont
Southampton
[169]
Princess Glitter Bay1981Saint James, BarbadosThe Fairmont
Glitter Bay
2004 sold;
c.2006 converted to Royal Glitter Bay Villas.
[170]
Royal Pavilion1987Saint James, BarbadosThe Fairmont
Royal Pavilion
[171]
Scottsdale Princess1987Scottsdale, ArizonaThe Fairmont
Scottsdale Princess
[172]

Footnotes

  1. Lam 2011, p. 25.
  2. Finch, David A.A. (1987). "A History of the Canadian Pacific Railway in Glacier National Park, B.C., 1884–1930" (PDF). www.parkscanadahistory.com. Environment Canada. p. 64.
  3. Lam 2011, p. 86.
  4. Lam 2011, p. 97.
  5. Lam 2011, pp. 41–44, 66.
  6. Young & Coates 2016, p. 282.
  7. Young & Coates 2016, p. 277.
  8. Lam 2011, pp. 4, 56.
  9. Kalman 1968, p. 11.
  10. Lam 2011, p. 103.
  11. Kalman 1968, p. 12.
  12. Lam 2011, p. 102.
  13. Kalman 1968, p. 19.
  14. Lam 2011, p. 1.
  15. "Canadian Pacific Hotels brochure, 1919". www.library.ubc.ca. p. 1.
  16. "Travel to and within Canada on Canadian Pacific". www.trainweb.org.
  17. "Rockies Life in the '70s" (PDF). www.albertamagazines.com.
  18. "Gazette, 11 Jan 1964". www.newspapers.com. p. 81. For Canadian Pacific hotels, 1963 was a year of diversification. A new subsidiary, Canadian Pacific Hotels Limited, was set up to operate hotel and motor hotels under management….
  19. Lam 2011, pp. 164, 174–175.
  20. Lam 2011, p. 189.
  21. Lam 2011, p. 190.
  22. Lam 2011, p. 198.
  23. Young & Coates 2016, p. 285.
  24. Lam 2011, pp. 193, 207.
  25. Lam 2011, p. 230.
  26. "Red Deer Advocate, 8 Feb 1988". www.newspapers.com. p. 21.
  27. "Vancouver Sun, 11 Mar 1998". www.newspapers.com. p. 34. CP Hotels will pay up to $34 million in cash to Delta's owners, the Realstar Group...and Lai Sun Group....
  28. "National Post, 12 Jun 1998". www.newspapers.com. p. 1. Canadian Pacific….$780-million deal to buy the Caribbean and U.S. chain of Princess Hotels.
  29. "Fact Sheet: New Hotel Management Company "Fairmont Hotels and Resorts Inc."". www.hotel-online.com.
  30. "Prince George Citizen, 4 Oct 2001". www.newspapers.com. p. 7.
  31. "Edmonton Journal, 31 Jan 2006". www.newspapers.com. p. 47. Fairmont Hotels & Resorts….to sell….hotel chain to investor Alwaleed bin Talel, and a US investment firm for $3.9 billion US….Prince Alwaleed's Kingdom Hotels International and….Colony Capital LLC….will pay $45 a share….Colony Capital bought….Raffles Holdings last year….including 23 Swissotels…Fairmont will continue to be managed in Canada, and it will remain a separate brand from Raffles.
  32. "Edmonton Journal, 3 Oct 2007". www.newspapers.com. p. 58. Delta Hotels Ltd. has been bought by British Columbia Investment Management Corp…which takes the Delta chain out of the hands of Fairmont Hotels and Resorts Inc.
  33. "CBC News, 9 Dec 2015". www.cbc.ca.
  34. "Cision, 27 Jan 2015". www.newswire.ca.
  35. Lam 2011, p. 164.
  36. "Washington Post, 6 Dec 1987". www.washingtonpost.com.
  37. "Canadian Rocky Mountain Resorts History". www.crmr.com.
  38. "Canadian Pacific Hotels. Emerald Lake Chalet". www.library.ubc.ca.
  39. "Lake O'Hara Lodge". www.albertaonrecord.ca.
  40. "Lake O'Hara Lodge History". www.lakeohara.com.
  41. "Canadian Pacific Hotels. Lake O'Hara Lodge". www.library.ubc.ca.
  42. Bradley, Ben (2012). "By the Road: Fordism, Automobility, and Landscape Experience in the British Columbia Interior,1920–1970" (PDF). www.ucalgary.ca. p. 382.
  43. "Canadian Pacific Hotels. Lake Windermere Camp". www.library.ubc.ca.
  44. "Storm Mountain Lodge". www.stormmountainlodge.com.
  45. MacDonad, Graham A. (1994). "The Alpine Architectural Heritage of the Four Mountain Parks An Historical Review and Assessment" (PDF). www.parkscanadahistory.com. p. Appendix.
  46. "Kootenay National Park Chronology". www.pc.gc.ca. 11 March 2020.
  47. "Addison's Bungalows". www.radiumhotsprings.com.
  48. Lam 2011, p. 192.
  49. "Kootenay Park Lodge". www.kootenayparklodge.com.
  50. "Vancouver Sun, 19 May 1961". www.newspapers.com. p. 27. Canadian Pacific Railway has sold its Devil's Gap Lodge summer resort near Kenora, Ontario, to Austin H. Ford….
  51. "CTV News, 21 Apr 2019". www.ctvnews.ca. 21 April 2019.
  52. Lake Nipigon, Where the Great Lakes Begin , p. 137, at Google Books
  53. "CBC News, 21 Jun 2018". www.cbc.ca.
  54. "French River C.P.R. Bungalow Camp". www.trainweb.org.
  55. "French River Lodge". www.frenchriverlodge.com.
  56. "Glengarry Life" (PDF). www.cornwallcommunitymuseum.wordpress.com. Glengarry Historical Society. 1988. pp. 19–20.
  57. "Province, 6 Nov 1926". www.newspapers.com. p. 3. In April, 1918, the Canadian Pacific Railroad….in Field, turned over the hotel to the Young Men's Christian Association….
  58. "Calgary Herald, 18 Dec 1963". www.newspapers.com. p. 26. Mount Stephen House…has disappeared….In 1918, CP turned over the operation….to the YMCA and it became a railroad employees' rooming and boarding house…In 1953, when…a new station was to be built at Field….The Railroad YMCA returned the building to the railway company, and the following year saw the removal of the greater portion of the building. The new wing of 1902 was left standing alone, as a rooming house only. This year….the old building disappeared.
  59. "Branchline, Sep 1995" (PDF). www.bytownrailwaysociety.ca. pp. 9–11.
  60. "'Vanishing BC: North Bend". www.michaelkluckner.com.
  61. "Province, 4 Nov 1941". www.newspapers.com. p. 9.
  62. "The Daily Colonist, 18 May 1888". www.archive.org. 1888. p. 1.
  63. "Western Call, 19 Mar 1915". www.library.ubc.ca. p. 5.
  64. "The Fairmont Banff Springs". www.travelweekly.com.
  65. "Banff Springs Hotel". www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca.
  66. Canadian Pacific: Facts and Figures. Montreal: Canadian Pacific Railway Foundation Library. 1946. p. 166.
  67. "Algonquin Resort St. Andrews By-The-Sea". www.travelweekly.com.
  68. "Cornwallis Hotel". www.dardpi.ca.
  69. "ChronicleHerald, 3 May 2019". www.thechronicleherald.ca.
  70. "Fairmont Le Château Frontenac". www.travelweekly.com.
  71. "Fairmont Chateau Lake Louise". www.travelweekly.com.
  72. "Chateau Lake Louise". www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca.
  73. Stathis, Kelly (2019). "Canadian Pacific Railway hotels in B.C.: Part 2". www.library.ubc.ca.
  74. "Glimpses of Revelstoke's past". Revelstoke Review. 13 June 1928. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
  75. "Gare Viger". www.placegareviger.com.
  76. "Fairmont Le Manoir Richelieu". www.travelweekly.com.
  77. "Times Colonist, 4 Jul 1956". www.newspapers.com. p. 33.
  78. Sullivan, David (2005). The Algonquin, St. Andrews N.B : On Passamaquoddy Bay. Pendlebury Press. p. 89. ISBN 0973935804.
  79. Reed, Hayter. "Hotels & Boarding Houses on the line of the C.P.R., 1912". www.library.ubc.ca. p. 12.
  80. "Pansy Patch". www.davidsullivan.ca.
  81. "Beginning & growth of McAdam". www.rootsweb.com.
  82. "Digby Pines History". www.digbypines.ca.
  83. "Digby Pines Golf Resort". www.travelweekly.com.
  84. "Royal Alexandra Hotel". www.mhs.mb.ca.
  85. "The Fairmont Empress Hotel Victoria". www.travelweekly.com.
  86. "Fairmont Château Laurier". www.travelweekly.com.
  87. "Cameron Lake Chalet". www.youtube.com.
  88. "Alberni Valley Times, 6 Oct 1970". www.newspapers.com. p. 8. So Cameron Lake Chalet….has been demolished leaving only a few concrete footings….
  89. "Vancouver Sun, 23 May 1942". www.newspapers.com. p. 2. A syndicate….taken over the Hotel Incola from the Okanagan Hotel Company, with which the Canadian Pacific Railway has been largely associated.
  90. "Province, 24 Jun 1950". www.newspapers.com. p. 32. Incola Hotel…. has been sold to Hencott Houses Ltd…..
  91. "Times Colonist, 1 Sep 1959". www.newspapers.com. p. 11. The 76-room Incola Hotel….has been sold for $250,000. Purchaser is Jack C. Young….
  92. "Incola Hotel". www.library.ubc.ca. p. 123 (121).
  93. "The Fairmont Palliser". www.travelweekly.com.
  94. "The Fairmont Hotel Macdonald". www.travelweekly.com.
  95. "Fairmont Jasper Park Lodge". www.travelweekly.com.
  96. "Sheraton Hotel Newfoundland". www.travelweekly.com.
  97. "Leader-Post, 20 Feb 2014". www.leaderpost.com.
  98. "Saskatoon StarPhoenix, 8 Jul 2015". www.thestarphoenix.com.
  99. "Sheraton Hotel Saskatchewan". www.travelweekly.com.
  100. "Ottawa Journal, 19 Jul 1947". www.newspapers.com. p. 24. Lord Nelson Hotel….Under the re-organization the interests of Canadian Pacific Railway Company in the hotel enterprise is eliminated….
  101. "Lord Nelson Hotel". www.travelweekly.com.
  102. "The Fairmont Royal York". www.travelweekly.com.
  103. "Fairmont Le Château Montebello". www.travelweekly.com.
  104. "Jarvis Record, 11 Jun 1931" (PDF). www.haldimandcounty.on.ca. p. 1.
  105. "Villa Saint-Joseph du Lac". www.villasaintjoseph.com.
  106. "The Fairmont Hotel Vancouver". www.travelweekly.com.
  107. "Globe & Mail, 24 May 2006". www.theglobeandmail.com.
  108. "Province, 3 Dec 1963". www.newspapers.com. p. 13. Canadian Pacific Hotels….has been awarded a management contract to operate the Timberline hotel….at Banff.
  109. "Vancouver Sun, 5 Dec 1966". www.newspapers.com. p. 11.
  110. "Edmonton Journal, 30 Jul 2005". www.newspapers.com. p. 101.
  111. "Juniper Hotel". www.travelweekly.com.
  112. "The Fairmont Queen Elizabeth". www.travelweekly.com.
  113. "Montreal Marriott Chateau Champlain". www.travelweekly.com.
  114. "The Fairmont". www.winnipegarchitecture.ca.
  115. "Fairmont Winnipeg". www.travelweekly.com.
  116. "Gazette, 19 May 1970". www.newspapers.com. p. 32. ….Trois-Rivières….The new Le Baron motor hotel….
  117. "Rodeway Inn Trois-Rivières (formerly Hotel Urbania)". www.rodewayinntroisrivieres.com.
  118. "Gazette, 26 Nov 1971". www.newspapers.com. p. 29.
  119. "Winnipeg Downtown Places". www.winnipegdowntownplaces.blogspot.com.
  120. "Radisson Winnipeg". www.travelweekly.com.
  121. "Brandon Sun, 17 Feb 1972". www.newspapers.com. p. 3. ….Red Oak Inn….new CP hotel on Victoria….
  122. "Genesis Hospitality Management History". www.genesishospitality.ca.
  123. "Royal Oak Inn and Suites to Convert Over to Clarion Hotel and Suites". www.bdnmb.ca.
  124. "Clarion Hotel". www.travelweekly.com.
  125. "Gazette, 28 Dec 1972". www.newspapers.com. p. 35.
  126. "Delta Beausejour". www.travelweekly.com.
  127. "Calgary Herald, 11 Nov 1972". www.newspapers.com. p. 10. Opening of Chateau Halifax is slated for May 1973.
  128. "Hotel Halifax". www.travelweekly.com.
  129. "SilverBirch Hotels & Resorts". www.silverbirchhotels.com.
  130. "Tripadvisor review, Mar 2019". www.tripadvisor.ca.
  131. "Chronicle-Journal, 16 Jun 1980". www.ourontario.ca.
  132. "Victoria Inn". www.travelweekly.com.
  133. "Hunter Street Bridge". www.ptbocanada.com.
  134. "Peterborough Examiner, 20 Feb 2010" via PressReader.
  135. "Peterborough Examiner, 21 Jun 2018". www.thepeterboroughexaminer.com.
  136. "Calgary Herald, 11 Jan 1979". www.newspapers.com. p. 74.
  137. "Delta Calgary Airport". www.travelweekly.com.
  138. "Creation of CADC". www.cadcpei.com.
  139. "Delta Prince Edward". www.travelweekly.com.
  140. "Delta Toronto East". www.travelweekly.com.
  141. "Daily Commercial News and Construction Record, 8 Jul 1998". www.sfu-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com.
  142. "InterContinental Toronto Centre". www.travelweekly.com.
  143. "Pomeroy Kananaskis". www.travelweekly.com.
  144. "Cision, 11 Sep 2015". www.newswire.ca.
  145. "Vancouver Sun, 25 Nov 1989". www.newspapers.com. p. 28.
  146. "Fairmont Chateau Whistler". www.travelweekly.com.
  147. "Star-Phoenix, 4 Nov 1989". www.newspapers.com. p. 19.
  148. "TSN, 29 Nov 2004". www.tsn.ca. Archived from the original on 2013-12-28.
  149. "Travelweek News, 21 Sep 2017". www.travelweek.ca.
  150. "Vancouver Sun, 3 Aug 1991". www.newspapers.com. p. 67.
  151. "Fairmont Waterfront". www.travelweekly.com.
  152. "Ottawa Citizen, 30 Nov 1996". www.newspapers.com. p. 90. Latest addition to the resort is a 316-room Canadian Pacific Hotel, the Chateau Mont Tremblant….
  153. "Fairmont Tremblant". www.travelweekly.com.
  154. "Richmond Review, 9 May 1999". www.newspapers.com. p. 32. ….Canadian Pacific's $65 million, 400-room Vancouver Airport Place Hotel….
  155. "Fairmont Vancouver Airport". www.travelweekly.com.
  156. "Daily World, 28 Jul 2009". www.newspapers.com. p. 3. the Roosevelt Hotel has finally reopened….four years after Hurricane Katrina….owned by the Fairmont chain, remained boarded up….in August 2007….bought by the Hilton Hotel Corp. for $19 million, and added to the company's upscale Waldorf-Astoria portfolio.
  157. "Roosevelt New Orleans". www.travelweekly.com.
  158. "Fairmont San Francisco". www.travelweekly.com.
  159. "The Plaza". www.travelweekly.com.
  160. "Fairmont Copley Plaza". www.travelweekly.com.
  161. "The Fairmont Dallas". www.travelweekly.com.
  162. "Fairmont Chicago". www.travelweekly.com.
  163. "The Fairmont San Jose". www.travelweekly.com.
  164. "Fairmont Hotels, 28 Mar 2002" (PDF). www.media.corporate-ir.net. pp. 18–19.
  165. "The Hamilton Princess". www.travelweekly.com.
  166. "Travel Agent Central, 24 Jan 2017". www.travelagentcentral.com.
  167. "The Pierre Mundo Imperial". www.travelweekly.com.
  168. "The Princess Mundo Imperial". www.travelweekly.com.
  169. "The Fairmont Southampton". www.travelweekly.com.
  170. "Hotel Online, 14 Jul 2004". www.hotel-online.com.
  171. "The Fairmont Royal Pavilion". www.travelweekly.com.
  172. "Fairmont Scottsdale Princess". www.travelweekly.com.

References

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