Captain general of the Navy

Captain general of the Navy (Spanish: Capitán general de la Armada) is the highest naval officer rank of the Spanish Navy, rated OF-10 with the NATO ranking system. The routine honorary appointments formally ceased in 1999. The rank of captain general of the Navy is equivalent to an admiral of the fleet in many nations, a captain general of the Spanish Army or an Captain general of the Air Force in the Spanish Air and Space Force.

Not to be confused with Captain general of the Sea.
This article is about the Spanish Navy rank. For other uses, see Captain general.
Captain general of the Navy
Capitán general de la Armada
Rank flag
Shoulder and sleeve insignia
Country Spain
Service branch Spanish Navy
AbbreviationCGN
Rank groupFlag officer
NATO rank codeOF-10
Formationc. 1750
Next lower rankAdmiral general
Equivalent ranksCaptain general (Army)
Captain general (Air and Space Force)

A peculiar usage of the term captain general arose in the Spanish Navy of the 16th century. A captain general was appointed by the king as the leader of a fleet (although the term 'squadron' is more appropriate, as most galleon fleets rarely consisted of more than a dozen vessels, not counting escorted merchantmen), with full jurisdictional powers. The fleet second-in-command was the admiral, an officer appointed by the capitan-general and responsible for the seaworthiness of the squadron.[1]

Since King Amadeo's reign (1871–1873), the monarchs used captain general of the Navy rank and insignia as Commander-in-chief. Briefly abolished by the Second Spanish Republic, it was restored in 1938 during the regime of Francisco Franco, a General of the Army. Since 19th century honorary promotions of retired admirals to this rank were also made, such as the prime ministers Juan Bautista Aznar-Cabañas (1928) and Luis Carrero Blanco (1973), the only posthumous promotion. Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona, claimant to the Spanish throne (1941–1977) and father of King Juan Carlos, was also made honorary captain general of the Spanish Navy in 1992.

List
Date of promotion
Image
Name
Dead/Annulled
NotesRef.
1750Juan José Navarro de Viana y Búfalo† 5 February 17721st general captain of the Navy
1783Luis de Córdova y Córdova† 29 September 17962nd general captain of the Navy[2]
1789Pedro Fitz-James Stuart† 23 July 17913rd general captain of the Navy
1792Antonio Valdés y Fernández Bazán† 4 April 1816 [3][4]
1794Francisco Javier Everardo-Tilly† 11 December 17955th general captain of the Navy[5][6]
1796Antonio González de Arce† 23 February 17986th general captain of the Navy[7]
1798Manuel Antonio Flórez y Maldonado† 23 March 17987th general captain of the Navy[8][9]
1798Juan Cayetano de Lángara y Huarte† 18 January 18068th general captain of the Navy[10]
1802José Solano y Bote† 24 April 18069th general captain of the Navy[11][12]
1805Francisco de Borja y Poyo† 10 June 180810th general captain of the Navy[13]
1805Francisco Gil de Taboada y Lemos† 180911th general captain of the Navy[14]
9 November 1805Federico Carlos Gravina y Nápoles† 9 March 180612th general captain of the Navy[15]
3 November 1808Félix Ignacio de Tejada† 20 February 181713th general captain of the Navy[16]
24 February 1817Ignacio Maria de Álava y Sáenz de Navarrete† 26 May 181714th general captain of the Navy[17]
6 June 1817Juan María Villavicencio y de la Serna† 25 April 183015th general captain of the Navy[18]
1 May 1830Juan Ruiz de Apodaca y Eliza† 11 January 183516th general captain of the Navy[19]
25 January 1835Cayetano Valdés y Flores† 16 February 183517th general captain of the Navy[20][21]
16 January 1836Francisco Javier de Uriarte y Borja† 29 November 184318th general captain of the Navy[22][23]
[24][25]
12 February 1843José Sartorio† 30 December 184319th general captain of the Navy[26]
2 June 1843[lower-alpha 1] Ramón Romay† 23 May 1849 [27]
15 September 1847[lower-alpha 2]José Rodríguez de Arias† 26 January 185221st general captain of the Navy[28][29]
17 February 1852Francisco Javier de Ulloa† 24 November 1855
  • 22nd general captain of the Navy
  • Secretary of the Navy (1832–1833)
 [30]
28 November 1855Dionisio Capaz† 27 December 1855
  • 23rd general captain of the Navy
  • Minister of the Navy (1822–1823 and 11–16 September 1840)
 [31]
13 February 1856Francisco Armero y Fernández de Peñaranda† 1 July 1856 [32]
24 November 1858[lower-alpha 3]Casimiro Vigodet† 2 January 1872 [33][34][35]
16 November 1870Amadeo de Saboya11 February 1873
(First Spanish Republic established)
5 September 1872[lower-alpha 4]Juan José Martínez de Espinosa y Tacón† 14 October 1875[36]
29 December 1874Alfonso de Borbón y Borbón† 25 November 1885
24 August 1875[lower-alpha 4] Joaquín Gutiérrez de Rubalcaba† 3 April 1881 [38]
18 April 1881[lower-alpha 4]Luis Hernández-Pinzón Álvarez† 22 February 1891Ad honorem[39]
27 February 1891[lower-alpha 4]Guillermo Chacón Maldonado† 28 March 1899 [40]
15 April 1899[lower-alpha 4]Carlos Valcárcel y Ussel de Gimbarda† 23 April 1903 [41]
17 May 1902Alfonso de Borbón y Habsburgo-Lorena14 April 1931
(Second Spanish Republic established)[lower-alpha 6]
30 April 1903[lower-alpha 4]José María Beránger† 23 January 1907
  • Ad honorem
  • Minister of the Navy
    (1870–1871, 1872–1873, 1885–1886, 1890–1891, 11 March – 11 December 1892 and 1895–1897)
 [42]
21 February 1910[lower-alpha 7]Juan Bautista Viniegra† 21 February 1918 [43]
17 March 1918José Pidal Rebollo† 4 May 1920
  • Ad honorem
  • Minister of the Navy (1911–1912 and 23 March – 27 July 1918)
 [44][45]
11 May 1920José María Chacón y Pery† 13 April 1922 [46][47]
[48]
22 April 1922Ricardo Fernández de la Puente y Patrón† 23 October 1928
  • Ad honorem
  • President of the Supreme War and Navy Council
 [49]
30 October 1928Juan Bautista Aznar y Cabañas† 19 February 1933 [50][51]
18 July 1938Francisco Franco y Bahamonde† 20 November 1975
21 December 1973Luis Carrero y Blanco
—
Posthumous promotion [52]
20 November 1975[lower-alpha 10]Juan Carlos de Borbón y BorbónActive until 19 June 2014
(Abdication)		 [53]
5 December 1992Juan de Borbón y Battenberg† 1 April 1993 [54]
19 June 2014Felipe de Borbón y GreciaPresent

See also

Notes
  1. Supernumerary captain general of the Navy until 30 December 1843.
  2. Supernumerary captain general of the Navy until 23 May 1849.
  3. Supernumerary captain general of the Navy until 1866. Rank replaced by Admiral of the Spanish Navy in 1869.
  4. Promoted as Admiral of the Spanish Royal Navy.
  5. Vide Rubalcava.
  6. On 14 April 1931 Alfonso XIII renounced as head of state but did not formally abdicate.
  7. Admiral of the Spanish Royal Navy until 10 January 1912, when the traditional rank of Captain General of the Navy was recovered.
  8. Named himself.
  9. At Civil War until 1 April 1939.
  10. Monarch since 22 November 1975.

References
  1. Konstam, Angus (2004). Spanish Galleon 1530–1690. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1841766379.
  2. Hattendorf, John (2000): Naval policy and strategy in the Mediterranean: past, present, and future. Taylor & Francis, p. 37. ISBN 0-7146-8054-0
  3. Martínez-Valverde y Martínez, Carlos. Enciclopedia General del Mar. Garriga, Madrid, 1957.
  4. González de Canales, Fernando (2000). Catálogo de Pinturas del Museo Naval. Tomo II. Madrid: Ministerio de Defensa.
  5. Biografía del Marqués de Casa-Tilly. Portal TodoAvante.es. In Spanish
  6. Biografía del Marqués de Casa-Tilly. Portal Todo a Babor. In Spanish
  7. http://www.todoababor.es/articulos/bio_arce.htm Biografía de Antonio González de Arce. Portal Todo a Babor. In Spanish
  8. Real Academia de la historia: Diccionario Bibliográfico español – Manuel Antonio Flórez
  9. "Flores, Manuel Antonio (1987)." Enciclopedia de México, v. 5. Mexico City
  10. "Flores, Manuel Antonio (1987). " Enciclopedia de México, v. 5. Mexico City
  11. José Luis Santalo Rodríguez de Viguri (1973). Don Jose Solano y Bote, Primer Marqués del Socorro Capitán General de la Armada. Madrid: Instituto Histórico de Marina. I.S.B.N. 84-00-03891-6
  12. Colección de Opusculos del Excmo. Sr. D. Martín Fernández de Navarrete, Madrid. 1848
  13. Borja y Poyo. Portal TodoAvante.es. In Spanish
  14. Gil de Lemos. Portal TodoAvante.es. In Spanish
  15. Federico Gravina. Portal TodoAvante.es. In Spanish
  16. Tejada y Suárez de Lara. Portal TodoAvante.es. In Spanish
  17. Ignacio María de Álava y Navarrete. Portal TodoAvante.es. In Spanish
  18. Villavicencio de la Serna. Portal TodoAvante.es. In Spanish.
  19. Ruiz de Apodaca. Portal TodoAvante.es. In Spanish
  20. Madrid Gazette no. 26, de 26/01/1835, pp. 103 a 104.. In Spanish
  21. Cayetano Valdés y Flores. Portal TodoAvante.es. In Spanish
  22. Cervera Pery, José (2004). El Panteón de Marinos Ilustres. Trayectoria Histórica, reseña biográfica. Madrid: Ministerio de Defensa.
  23. Fernández Duro, Cesáreo (1973). La Armada Española, desde la unión de los reinos de Castilla y Aragón. Madrid: Museo Naval.
  24. González de Canales, Fernando (2000). Catálogo de Pinturas del Museo Naval. Volume II.
  25. Marliani, Manuel (1850). Combate de Trafalgar. Vindicación de la Armada Española. Madrid: Impreso de Orden Superior.
  26. Sartorio y Terol. Portal TodoAvante.es. In Spanish
  27. Romay y Jiménez-Cisneros en el portal TodoAvante.es
  28. XXI Capitán General de la Armada. Contando historias antiguas... de militares.
  29. Francisco Javier de Ulloa en el portal TodoAvante.es
  30. Francisco Javier de Ulloa. Portal TodoAvante.es. In Spanish
  31. Capaz Rendón. Portal TodoAvante.es. In Spanish
  32. "Francisco Armero Peñaranda en el portal TodoAvante.es". Archived from the original on 17 September 2017. Retrieved 21 May 2017.
  33. Cervera y Jácome, Juan (1926). El Panteón de Marinos Ilustres. Madrid: Ministerio de Marina.
  34. Martínez-Valverde y Martínez, Carlos (1957). Enciclopedia General del Mar. Garriga.
  35. González de Canales, Fernando (2000). Catálogo de Pinturas del Museo Naval. Volume II. Madrid: Ministerio de Defensa.
  36. Juan José Martínez de Espinosa y Tacón. Portal TodoAvante.es. In Spanish
  37. compactgen.com. In Spanish
  38. Joaquín Gutiérrez de Rubalcaba y Casal. Portal TodoAvante.es. In Spanish
  39. Luis Hernández-Pinzón Álvarez. Portal TodoAvante.es. In Spanish
  40. Guillermo Chacón y Maldonado. Portal TodoAvante.es. In Spanish
  41. Carlos Valcárcel. Portal TodoAvante.es In Spanish
  42. Rodríguez González, Agustín Ramón (1993). Isaac Peral: Historia de una Frustración. Cartagena: Ayuntamiento de Cartagena. ISBN 84-87529-21-6.
  43. Biografía de Juan Bautista Viniegra y Mendoza. Portal TodoAvante.es. In Spanish
  44. Gaceta de Madrid núm. 76, de 17/03/1918.
  45. Biografía de Ricardo Fernández de la Puente. Portal TodoAvante.es
  46. Madrid Gazette (11 May 1920). In Spanish
  47. Silva Suárez, Manuel (2007). "Chacón y Orta, Francisco" (PDF). El Ochocientos: De las Profundidades a las Alturas. II: 395. ISBN 978-84-7820-814-2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 June 2015. Retrieved 21 May 2017.
  48. Urquijo y Goitia, José Ramón de (2008). Gobiernos y ministros españoles en la edad contemporánea. Madrid: CSIC. ISBN 978-84-00-08737-1.
  49. Biografía de Ricardo Fernández de la Puente en el portal TodoAvante.es (In Spanish)
  50. Madrid Gazette (30 October 1928)
  51. Hemeroteca Periódico ABC (21/02/33). Acceded 14 February 2017 (In Spanish).
  52. Decree 3204/1973, 20 December, approving the State funeral for HE Admiral Carrero Blanco, the President of the Government. Spanish Official Journal (21/12/73)
  53. Law-Decree 16/1975, 20 November, promoting HRH the Prince of Spain to honorary captain general of the Armies. Spanish Official Journal. In Spanish
  54. Royal Decree 1477/1992, 4 December, promoting HRH don Juan de Borbón y Battenberg, Navy Admiral, to honorary captain general of the Navy. Spanish Official Journal (05/12/1992). In Spanish
  • Juan y Ferragut, Mariano. La Marina en 1808, Cuadernos monográficos del IHCN. Spanish Navy (In Spanish).
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