Carrier onboard delivery

Carrier onboard delivery (COD) is the use of aircraft to ferry personnel, mail, supplies, and high-priority cargo, such as replacement parts, from shore bases to an aircraft carrier at sea.[1] Several types of aircraft, including helicopters, have been used by navies in the COD role. The Grumman C-2 Greyhound has been the United States Navy's primary COD aircraft since the mid-1960s.[2]

USS George Washington (CVN-73) crew unload mail from two C-2A Greyhounds in 2011

History
A Gannet COD.4 from HMS Victorious (R38) aboard USS Bennington in 1965
A C-1A Trader in 1987
US-3A of VRC-50 in 1987

Early United States Navy (USN) recognition of need for a cargo plane capable of carrier landings resulted in airframe conversion of Grumman TBM-3 Avenger torpedo bombers to unarmed seven-passenger COD aircraft designated TBM-3R. Replacement of TBM-3Rs began in the late 1950s. Grumman built a cargo variant of its twin-piston-engined Grumman S-2 Tracker anti-submarine warfare bomber as the C-1A Trader. (Contrary to popular belief,[3] C-130 Hercules was not tested for COD.[4]) In the late 1960s Grumman began production of a cargo variant of its twin-turboprop E-2 Hawkeye Airborne Early Warning aircraft known as the C-2A Greyhound. Five Lockheed US-3A Viking aircraft were also used from the early 1980s to the mid-1990s. The C-2 has remained the U.S. Navy's primary COD vehicle since that time.

Several U.S. Navy "Fleet Logistics Support Squadrons" provided COD services aboard carriers since the World War II, including VR-5, VR-21, VR-22, VR-23, VR-24, VRC-30, VRC-40, and VRC-50. On 6 October 2012, a MV-22 tilt-rotor aircraft from squadron VMM-165 landed and refueled on board USS Nimitz (CVN-68). This operation was part of an evaluation of the feasibility of the MV-22 as a potential replacement for the current C-2 cargo transport aircraft.[5][6] Further cargo handling trials took place in 2013 on Harry S. Truman.[7]

In April 2014 Lockheed Martin announced that they would offer refurbished and remanufactured Lockheed S-3 Vikings as a replacement for the decades-old Northrop Grumman C-2A Greyhound on-board carrier delivery aircraft. Dubbed the C-3, the aircraft would have a wider fuselage, but would retain the original wings, tail assembly, engines and crew compartment. With an unrefueled range of 2,400 nautical miles (4,400 km; 2,800 mi) carrying a 10,000-pound (4,500 kg) load, Lockheed stated that the C-3 would have twice the range of a new C-2, and triple the range of a V-22 Osprey. Unlike other competitors, the C-3 could meet the critical requirement to transport replacement Pratt & Whitney jet engines for the F-35. The requirement for 35 aircraft would be met from the 91 S-3s currently in storage.[8] In 2015, the Navy published a memorandum of understanding (MoU) for using 4 to 12 HV-22s as COD.[9][10] On 3 February 2016, the future COD version was designated as the CMV-22B.[11]

List of COD aircraft
A TBM-3R COD plane in the early 1950s
A CMV-22 Osprey landing on the aircraft carrier USS Nimitz

Several aircraft types have been specifically designed or modified for COD missions:

See also

References
  1. "United States Navy Fact File". United States Navy. United States Navy. April 4, 2013. Archived from the original on April 17, 2016. Retrieved April 24, 2013.
  2. Wragg, David W. (1973). A Dictionary of Aviation (first ed.). Osprey. p. 87. ISBN 9780850451634.
  3. "Hercules Is The Biggest Plane In History To Do This". World War Wings. Archived from the original on 31 December 2015. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
  4. Carroll, Ward (2022-02-03). Here's How a Fighter Pilot Landed a Cargo Plane on a Carrier (video). YouTube.
  5. "MV-22 Osprey Flight Operations Tested Aboard USS Nimitz". Avionics Intelligence. PennWell Corporation. October 9, 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-09.
  6. Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Renee Candelario, USN (October 8, 2012). "MV-22 Osprey Flight Operations Tested Aboard USS Nimitz". NNS121008-13. USS Nimitz Public Affairs. Archived from the original on 2013-05-24. Retrieved 2011-10-09.
  7. Butler, Amy (18 April 2013). "Osprey on the Truman, Fishing for COD". Aviation Week. The McGraw-Hill Companies. Archived from the original on 2013-05-20. Retrieved 18 April 2013. Video Archived 2016-02-12 at the Wayback Machine
  8. Lockheed Revives an Old Idea for New Carrier Cargo Plane
  9. Whittle, Richard. "Navy Decides to Buy V-22 Ospreys for Carrier Delivery Archived 2017-12-01 at the Wayback Machine" Breaking Defense, 13 January 2015.
  10. Navy and Marines Sign MOU for Bell-Boeing Osprey to be Next Carrier Delivery Aircraft Archived 2015-01-18 at the Wayback Machine - News.USNI.org, 13 January 2015
  11. "V-22 Navy variant receives official designation | NAVAIR - U.S. Navy Naval Air Systems Command - Navy and Marine Corps Aviation Research, Development, Acquisition, Test and Evaluation". Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2016-02-21.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.