Castle Rising (UK Parliament constituency)
Castle Rising was a parliamentary borough in Norfolk, which elected two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons from 1558 until 1832, when it was abolished by the Great Reform Act. Its famous members of Parliament included the future Prime Minister Robert Walpole and the diarist Samuel Pepys.
| Castle Rising | |
|---|---|
| Former Borough constituency for the House of Commons | |
| 1558–1832 | |
| Seats | Two |
History
The borough extended over four parishes - Castle Rising, Roydon, North Wootton and South Wootton, in rural Norfolk to the north-east of King's Lynn. Castle Rising had once been a market town and seaport, but long before the Reform Act had declined to little more than a village. In 1831, the population of the borough was 888, and contained 169 houses.
Castle Rising was a burgage borough, meaning that the right to vote was vested in the owners of particular properties ("burgage tenements"), and that consequently the absolute right to nominate both the MPs could be bought and sold. Although it was possible for the landowner to create multiple voters by giving a reliable nominee notional ownership of the tenements - as was done in many other burgage boroughs - in Castle Rising the number of voters was kept as low as possible, and contested elections were almost unknown.
The Lord of the Manor invariably owned a majority of the burgage tenements, though other influential local families were generally allowed to select the second MP. In the seventeenth century the Duke of Norfolk was the dominant interest: it was the Norfolk interest which enabled Samuel Pepys to gain the seat in 1673. At the start of the 18th century, the borough belonged to the Walpole family, and Sir Robert Walpole (Britain's first Prime Minister) began his parliamentary career here. Later in the century the Walpoles still nominated one MP, and the Earl of Suffolk the other.[1] By 1816 the patronage had passed to the Earl of Cholmondeley and Richard Howard.
Castle Rising was abolished as a constituency by the Reform Act of 1832.
Members of Parliament
1558-1640
| Year | First member | Second member |
|---|---|---|
| 1558 | Sir John Radcliffe | Sir Nicholas L'Estrange[2] |
| 1559 | Thomas Steyning | Sir Nicholas L'Estrange[3] |
| 1562–3 | Sir Nicholas L'Estrange | Francis Carew[3] |
| 1571 | Sir Nicholas L'Estrange | George Dacres[3] |
| 1572 | Nicholas Mynn | Edward Flowerdew, sick and replaced Jan 1581 by Sir William Drury[3] |
| 1584 | Michael Stanhope | Richard Drake[3] |
| 1586 | Philip Woodhouse | Thomas Norris[3] |
| 1588 | Bartholomew Kemp | Richard Stubbe[3] |
| 1593 | John Townshend | Henry Spelman[3] |
| 1597 | Thomas Guybon | Henry Spelman[3] |
| 1601 | John Peyton | Robert Townshend[3] |
| 1604–1611 | Thomas Monson | Sir Robert Townshend |
| 1614 | Sir Robert Wynd | Thomas Binge |
| 1621–1622 | Robert Spiller | John Wilson |
| 1624 | Sir Robert Spiller | Sir Thomas Bancroft |
| 1625 | Sir Hamon le Strange | Sir Thomas Bancroft |
| 1626 | Sir Hamon le Strange | Sir Thomas Bancroft |
| 1628 | Sir Robert Cotton | Sir Thomas Bancroft |
| 1629–1640 | No Parliaments summoned | |
1640-1832
Notes
- Pages 145 and 146, Lewis Namier, The Structure of Politics at the Accession of George III (2nd edition - London: St Martin's Press, 1957), The Walpole family are noted as "Earl of Orford"
- "History of Parliament". Retrieved 11 October 2011.
- "History of Parliament". Retrieved 11 October 2011.
- Hatton was also elected for Higham Ferrers, which he chose to represent, and never sat for Castle Rising
- Walpole was also elected for King's Lynn, which he chose to represent, and did not sit again for Castle Rising
- Wedderburn was also elected for Okehampton, which he chose to represent, and never sat for Castle Rising
References
- Robert Beatson, A Chronological Register of Both Houses of Parliament (London: Longman, Hurst, Res & Orme, 1807)
- D Brunton & D H Pennington, Members of the Long Parliament (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1954)
- Cobbett's Parliamentary history of England, from the Norman Conquest in 1066 to the year 1803 (London: Thomas Hansard, 1808)
- J E Neale, The Elizabethan House of Commons (London: Jonathan Cape, 1949)
- J Holladay Philbin, Parliamentary Representation 1832 - England and Wales (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1965)
- Henry Stooks Smith, The Parliaments of England from 1715 to 1847 (2nd edition, edited by FWS Craig - Chichester: Parliamentary Reference Publications, 1973)
- Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "C" (part 3)