Castlewellan

Castlewellan (from Irish Caisleán Uidhilín 'Hugelin's Castle') is a small town in County Down, in the south-east of Northern Ireland close to the Irish Sea. It is beside Castlewellan Lake and Slievenaslat mountain, 11 miles (18 km) southwest of Downpatrick. It lies between the Mourne Mountains and Slieve Croob. It had a population of 2,782 people in the 2011 census.[1]

Castlewellan
  • Irish: Caisleán Uidhilín
  • Castlewellan
Castlewellan village, from the "Peace Maze"
Castlewellan is located in County Down
Castlewellan
Location within County Down
Population2,782 (2011 census)
District
County
CountryNorthern Ireland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townCASTLEWELLAN
Postcode districtBT31
Dialling code028
UK Parliament
NI Assembly
Main Street, Castlewellan, May 2010

Castlewellan has a wide main street which runs through two main squares lined with chestnut trees. The town was designed by a French architect for the Annesley Family. The Annesley family did not always own the land as they bought it from The Maginess Family. (see Earl Annesley), then owners of what is now Castlewellan Christian Conference Centre and Forest Park, and is unique within Ireland due to its tree-lined squares both in the old town (upper square) and new town (lower square) as well as its very wide main street. The old market house in the upper square was built in 1764 and now houses the public library.[2]

Places of interest
  • Drumena Cashel is a good example of a small stone built farmstead enclosure or cashel of the Early Christian period. It is situated 2 miles (3 km) south west of Castlewellan off the A25 road to Rathfriland.[3][4]
  • Castlewellan Forest Park and Castlewellan Lake are situated to the northwest of the village. The Arboretum in the park was begun in 1740 and contains plants and trees from many different countries including Spain, Mexico and Wales;[5] the 'Castlewellan Gold' form of Leyland Cypress – originating from a single mutant tree in the arboretum and widely propagated from the 1970s – was selected by the park director, John Keown, being first named Cupressus macrocarpa Keownii, 1963.[6] The Peace Maze was constructed in the park between 2000 and 2001. Until 2007 it was the longest permanent hedge maze in the world.[7] In the very early hours of 7 April 2007 two youths died in a canoeing incident in the lake.[8]
  • Castlewellan Castle, a Scottish baronial castle of 1856, overlooks the lake and the park. Nowadays the castle is used as a privately run Christian conference centre, and is not generally open to the public.
  • Legannany Dolmen is 3 miles (4.8 km) north of Castlewellan, near the village of Leitrim, on the slopes of Slieve Croob.[9]
  • Goward Dolmen is a megalithic monument 2 miles (3.2 km) from Hilltown on the road to Castlewellan. The huge granite capstone has slipped from its original horizontal position.[10]
Old Market House, December 2009
St Malachy's Roman Catholic Church, May 2010
St Paul's Church of Ireland, May 2010

History

12 July 1849 saw the Dolly's Brae conflict. Up to 1400 armed Orangemen marched from Rathfriland to Tollymore Park near Castlewellan, County Down. On their homeward journey, shots were fired and police were unable to control the situation. None of the Orangemen were harmed, but it was estimated that about 80 Catholics were killed and homes burnt.[11]

According to the Sunday Times Insight Team, the entire village (the population then was given as 819) was bound over to keep the peace for a year in 1953 after disorder at an Orange walk.[12]

The Troubles

For more information see The Troubles in Castlewellan, which includes a list of incidents in Castlewellan during the Troubles resulting in two or more fatalities.

Castlewellan throughout its history, has always been a staunchly Irish Republican town. Throughout the course of The Troubles, it had a significant paramilitary presence, mostly through the presence of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA).[13]

Schools
  • St Mary's Primary School, Aughlisnafin
  • Annsborough Primary School
  • Castlewellan Primary School
  • St. Malachy's Primary School, Castlewellan[14]
  • St. Malachy's High School, Castlewellan[15]
  • Bunscoil Bheanna Boirche[16]
  • Castlewellan High School: Closed in 1991.

Transport

Castlewellan railway station was opened on 24 March 1906 by the Great Northern Railway of Ireland, but closed on 2 May 1955.[17]

Trains used to connect Newcastle and Belfast via Lisburn.

Music

The Celtic Fusion International Musical Arts Festival has been held annually in the town since 2002.[18]

The Soma Festival is an annual festival held in the town since 2013. Soma is a festival of live music, family, well-being, food and drink and is directed by singer Tíona McSherry.

Sport
  • Castlewellan GAC is based in the village.
  • Castlewellan Town FC are the local Football team.[19]
  • Castlewellan lake plays host to the Queen's Regatta, and formerly the Irish University Rowing Championships, annually in April.
  • Kilmegan Amateur Boxing Club is situated in the outskirts of the town (taking its name from the towns parish name).
  • Castlewellan Forest Park played host to the All British Open Field Archery Championships which was put on and arranged by the Ballyvally Archery Club Banbridge during the weekend of 28–29 May 2011.

Demography

2011 Census

Castlewellan is classified as an intermediate settlement by the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA) (i.e. with a population between 2,500 and 4,999 people).[20] On Census Day (27 March 2011) the usually resident population of Castlewellan Settlement was 2,782, accounting for 0.15% of the NI total.[1] Of these:

  • 24.84% were under 16 years old and 10.96% were aged 65 and above.
  • 48.71% of the population were male and 51.29% were female.
  • 90.29% were from a Catholic community background and 6.51% were from a 'Protestant and Other Christian (including Christian related)' community background.
  • 54.31% indicated they had an Irish national identity, 29.58% said they had a Northern Irish national identity and 17.69% gave a British national identity (respondents could indicate more than one national identity).

2001 Census

Castlewellan is classified as an intermediate settlement by the NI Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA)[21] (i.e. with population between 2,250 and 4,500 people). On Census day (29 April 2001) there were 2,392 people living in Castlewellan. Of these:

  • 29.8% were aged under 16 and 13.8% were aged 60 and over.
  • 49.4% of the population were male and 50.6% were female.
  • 92.1% were from a Catholic background and 6.6% were from a Protestant background
  • 4.8% of people aged 16–74 were unemployed.

Notable people

See also

References
  1. "Census 2011 Population Statistics for Castlewellan Settlement". Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA). Retrieved 7 June 2021. This article contains quotations from this source, which is available under the Open Government Licence v3.0. © Crown copyright.
  2. "Castlewellan.org".
  3. Drumena Cashel, Irish Antiquities, archived from the original on 14 March 2005
  4. Drumena Stone Fort, Megalithic Ireland
  5. "Forest Service". Archived from the original on 11 February 2006.
  6. Gerd Krüssmann, Manual of Cultivated Conifers, Portland: Timber Press, 1995, p. 101
  7. Peace Maze Archived 20 December 2005 at the Wayback Machine
  8. "Canoe tragedy victim 'was a hero'". BBC News. 7 April 2007.
  9. "Banbridge". Travel Now. Retrieved 11 December 2007.
  10. "Goward Dolmen in Clonduff parish". Ros Davies' Co. Down, Northern Ireland Genealogy Research Site. Retrieved 11 December 2007.
  11. "Parades and Marches – Chronology 2: Historical Dates and Events". Conflict Archive on the Internet (CAIN). Retrieved 28 January 2010.
  12. Ulster (The Sunday Times Insight Team), 1972, p.96
  13. Rayment, Sean (25 April 2009). "Dissident republicans preparing to bomb UK". Telegraph (25 April 2009). London. Archived from the original on 29 April 2009. Retrieved 25 January 2010.
  14. "St Malachy's Primary School, Castlewellan".
  15. Clarke, Barry. "St Malachys High School – St Malachys High School Castlewellan".
  16. Boirche, Bunscoil Bheanna. "School Aims". Archived from the original on 6 May 2014.
  17. "Castlewellan station" (PDF). Railscot – Irish Railways. Retrieved 16 September 2007.
  18. "Celtic Fusion International Musical Arts Festival". Irish Music Magazine. Retrieved 5 May 2014.
  19. Castlewellan Town FC Archived 19 April 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  20. "NI Assembly" (PDF). Key Statistics for Settlements, Census 2011. Retrieved 2 May 2021.
  21. "NISRA – Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (c) 2015".

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