Allocasuarina fraseriana

Allocasuarina fraseriana, commonly known as western sheoak,[3] or Fraser's sheoak[4] is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae, and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. The Noongar peoples know the tree as kondil,[5]condil,[6] kulli or gulli.[7] It is a monoecious tree that has branchlets up to 300 mm (12 in) long, the leaves reduced to scales in whorls of six to eight, and the mature fruiting cones 15–40 mm (0.59–1.57 in) long, containing winged seeds (samaras) 9–10 mm (0.35–0.39 in) long.

Allocasuarina fraseriana
A. fraseriana in Albany
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fagales
Family: Casuarinaceae
Genus: Allocasuarina
Species:
A. fraseriana
Binomial name
Allocasuarina fraseriana
Occurrence data from AVH
Allocasuarina fraseriana woodland in Albany
Allocasuarina fraseriana fruit
fruit (detail)

Description

Allocasuarina fraseriana is a monoecious tree that typically grows to a height of 5–15 m (16–49 ft), the trunk with a dbh of 0.5–1 m (1 ft 8 in – 3 ft 3 in). Its branchlets are more or less erect, up to 300 mm (12 in) long, the leaves reduced to spreading, scale-like teeth 0.7–1.2 mm (0.028–0.047 in) long, arranged in whorls of six to eight around the branchlets. The sections of branchlet between the leaf whorls (the "articles") are 7–15 mm (0.28–0.59 in) long and 0.8–1.3 mm (0.031–0.051 in) in diameter. Male flowers are arranged in spikes 30–80 mm (1.2–3.1 in) long, the anthers 0.7–1.2 mm (0.028–0.047 in) long. Female cones are shortly cylindrical and covered with soft hair when young, the mature cones 15–40 mm (0.59–1.57 in) long and 15–22 mm (0.59–0.87 in) in diameter, the samaras 9–10 mm (0.35–0.39 in) long. Flowering occurs from May to October.[3][8][9][10]

Taxonomy

This species of sheoak was first formally described in 1848 by Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel, who gave it the name Casuarina fraseriana in Revisio critica Casuarinarum.[11] It was reclassified in 1982 as Allocasuarina fraseriana by Lawrie Johnson in the Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens.[12] The specific name fraseriana honours the botanist Charles Fraser.[13]

Distribution and habitat

Allocasuarina fraseriana grows in jarrah woodland and open forest in near-coastal regions between Perth and Albany, with a disjunct population between Moora and Jurien Bay, in the Jarrah Forest, Swan Coastal Plain and Warren bioregions of south-west Western Australia.[3][9]

Conservation status

Western sheoak is listed as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.[9]

Ecology

The seed of the plant is favoured by red-eared firetails (Stagonopleura oculata), an endemic grass finch.[14]

Uses

Indigenous uses

Noongar women give birth beneath the tree because of the soft needles. The needles were also used for bedding in shelters and often covered with a kangaroo skin cloak to make a bed.[7] The wood was used to make boomerangs.[5]

Construction

Early settlers of Western Australia used sheoak timber for roof shingles. Later it was used in the construction of kegs and casks. Today, the timber is prized for its broad medullary rays, and is often used for wood-turning and carving of decorative ornaments. The sapwood is a pale yellow colour and the heartwood is dark-red to brown. The texture is moderately fine and even. Green wood has a density of about 1,000 kg/m3 (1,700 lb/cu yd), and that of air-dried wood is about 730 kg/m3 (1,230 lb/cu yd).[8]

References
  1. IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group & Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) (2020). "Allocasuarina fraseriana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T172665268A172923755. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T172665268A172923755.en. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
  2. "Allocasuarina fraseriana". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  3. "Allocasuarina fraseriana". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  4. "Allocasuarina fraseriana Common name: Fraser's Sheoak". Friends of Queens Park Bushland. 2011. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
  5. "Noongar glossary; Noongar Words and Definitions". Government of Western Australia. 2022. Retrieved 6 August 2022.
  6. "Noongar names for plants". kippleonline.net. Archived from the original on 2016-11-20. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
  7. "Plants of the Denmark walk trails: Traditional Noongar Names and Uses". Green skills Inc. Archived from the original on 2017-07-12. Retrieved 28 May 2017.
  8. "Species information" (PDF). Western Australia Forest Products Commission. p. 45. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  9. "Allocasuarina fraseriana". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  10. Holliday, Ivan (1989). A Field Guide to Australian Trees. Melbourne: Hamlyn Australia. p. 44. ISBN 978-0-947334-08-6.
  11. "Casuarina fraseriana". APNI. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  12. "Allocasuarina fraseriana". APNI. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  13. Sharr, Francis Aubi; George, Alex (2019). Western Australian Plant Names and Their Meanings (3rd ed.). Kardinya, WA: Four Gables Press. p. 202. ISBN 9780958034180.
  14. Storr, G. M. (1991). Birds of the South-west Division of Western Australia (PDF). Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement no. 35. Western Australian Museum. pp. 132–33. OCLC 24474223. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-09-28.
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