Cayley's nodal cubic surface

In algebraic geometry, the Cayley surface, named after Arthur Cayley, is a cubic nodal surface in 3-dimensional projective space with four conical points. It can be given by the equation

${\displaystyle wxy+xyz+yzw+zwx=0\ }$

Real points of the Cayley surface

3D model of Cayley surface

when the four singular points are those with three vanishing coordinates. Changing variables gives several other simple equations defining the Cayley surface.

As a del Pezzo surface of degree 3, the Cayley surface is given by the linear system of cubics in the projective plane passing through the 6 vertices of the complete quadrilateral. This contracts the 4 sides of the complete quadrilateral to the 4 nodes of the Cayley surface, while blowing up its 6 vertices to the lines through two of them. The surface is a section through the Segre cubic.[1]

The surface contains nine lines, 11 tritangents and no double-sixes.[1]

A number of affine forms of the surface have been presented. Hunt uses ${\displaystyle (1-3x-3y-3z)(xy+xz+yz)+6xyz=0}$ by transforming coordinates ${\displaystyle (u_{0},u_{1},u_{2},u_{3})}$ to ${\displaystyle (u_{0},u_{1},u_{2},v=3(u_{0}+u_{1}+u_{2}+2u_{3}))}$ and dehomogenizing by setting ${\displaystyle x=u_{0}/v,y=u_{1}/v,z=u_{2}/v}$.[1] A more symmetrical form is

${\displaystyle x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}+x^{2}z-y^{2}z-1=0.}$[2]