Cecil Frederick Robertson

Robertson was raised in a religious household. During his childhood, Robertson's parents had hoped that at least one of their three children would become a missionary.[1] In 1897, at the age of thirteen, he and his brother decided to devote themselves to Christianity at Christ Church under the ministry of F. B. Meyer.[2]

As a child Robertson was described as "a bright and happy boy" with a "distinguished career that lay before him."[3] He was enrolled in the Mercers' School in September 1895, where he was elected a Foundation Scholar in 1897. In 1898 he passed the Junior Cambridge Local.[2]

Robertson began attending the University of London in 1900 and left in 1901 after passing its Preliminary Scientific (M.B.) Examination.[2] In September 1901, Robertson entered the Middlesex Hospital Medical School,[4] where he was a Brodrip Scholar and Prizeman. That same year he began studying theology at the Regent's Park College.[5] In 1907 he passed the Middlesex Hospital Medical School's medical examination and became MRCS.[6] Following his graduation, Robertson began working as a house surgeon under Sir Alfred Pearce Gould at the University of London and became FRCS in June 1909.[5][7]

Robertson arrived in Xi'an in December 1909 and began working with Dr. Herbert Stanley Jenkins, Dr. Andrew and Dr. Charlotte Young,[14] Dr. Russell and Mrs. J. Watson, and Reverend A.G. and Maud Shorrock.[15][16] During his first year in China, Robertson primarily studied Chinese and looked after the local boys' school. He saw outpatients at the Sianfu Hospital once a week and looked after recovering opium patients.[17]

Cecil Frederick Robertson (right) travelling to Yan'an, China from Xi'an

Robertson left Xi'an for Yan'an in Northern Shaanxi on February 1911. At Yan'an he underwent six weeks of medical training that prepared him for the remainder of his career as a medical missionary.[18] A Baptist Missionary Society station had been founded there the previous year by Rev. and Mrs. Watson, but it had no doctor. Opium addiction was particularly prevalent in Northern Shaanxi and thus became a priority for treatment. Upon his arrival, Robertson arranged for an opium refuge to be set up in the back of a church for those seeking recovery from addiction. He additionally took over the small dispensary at Yan'an and visited patients in their homes.[19]

While at Yan'an Robertson earned the praise and recognition of local government officials, including the Head Mandarin of the prefecture, the Prefect, the County Magistrate, and the head military Mandarin.[20] His relationships with local officials in Yan'an prepared him for future interactions with other officials during his missionary career.

In May 1911 Dr. Jenkins went home on furlough, leaving Robertson to take charge of the Sianfu Hospital.[21] In September that year, the missionary received reports of the 1911 Chinese Revolution beginning.[22] The revolution reached Shaanxi on 22 October, leaving approximately 15,000 Manchus dead in Xi'an.[7] While several missionaries left Shaanxi during this period, Robertson insisted on staying and helping the wounded.[5] He organised ambulances and treated wounded soldiers both on the battlefield and in the hospital. During the months of the revolution an estimated 2,000–3,000 patients passed through the Sianfu Hospital, which was run by only two doctors with the aid of the local Chinese Red Cross Society.[23]

The Qing emperor Puyi abdicated the throne in February 1912, and the fighting in Xi'an ended soon after.[24]

In April 1912, the other doctor at the Sianfu Hospital, Dr. Young, fell ill with appendicitis. Robertson operated on Young and saw to his recovery while running the hospital himself.[25] In June Robertson began working with the Governor of the Province to set up an institute for disabled soldiers,[5] which was later established as the "Pity The Wounded Hospital".[26]