Cementoblast

A cementoblast is a biological cell that forms from the follicular cells around the root of a tooth, and whose biological function is cementogenesis, which is the formation of cementum (hard tissue that covers the tooth root). The mechanism of differentiation of the cementoblasts is controversial but circumstantial evidence suggests that an epithelium or epithelial component may cause dental sac cells to differentiate into cementoblasts, characterised by an increase in length.[1] Other theories involve Hertwig epithelial root sheath (HERS) being involved.[2]

Cementoblast
Details
LocationRoot of tooth
FunctionCementogenesis
Identifiers
Latincementoblastus
FMA63002
Anatomical terms of microanatomy

Structure

Thus cementoblasts resemble bone-forming osteoblasts but differ functionally and histologically. The cells of cementum are the entrapped cementoblasts, the cementocytes. Each cementocyte lies in its lacuna (plural, lacunae), similar to the pattern noted in bone. These lacunae also have canaliculi or canals. Unlike those in bone, however, these canals in cementum do not contain nerves, nor do they radiate outward. Instead, the canals are oriented toward the periodontal ligament (PDL) and contain cementocytic processes that exist to diffuse nutrients from the ligament because it is vascularized.[3] The progenitor cells also found in the PDL region contribute to the mineralization of the tissue.[4]

Once in this situation, cementoblasts lose their secretory activity and become cementocytes. However, a layer of cementoblasts is always present along the outer covering of the PDL; these cells can then produce cementum if the tooth is injured (see hypercementosis).

See also

References
  1. Ten Cate's Oral Histology, Nanci, Elsevier, 2013, page 207
  2. Luan, X.; Ito, Y.; Diekwish, T.G.H. (2006). "Evolution and development of Hertwig's Epithelial Root Sheath". Dev. Dyn. 235 (5): 1167–1180. doi:10.1002/dvdy.20674. PMC 2734338. PMID 16450392.
  3. Illustrated Dental Embryology, Histology, and Anatomy, Bath-Balogh and Fehrenbach, Elsevier, 2011, page 171
  4. Zhao, M.; Berry, J.E.; Somerman, M.J. (1 January 2003). "Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Inhibits Differentiation and Mineralization of Cementoblasts in vitro". Journal of Dental Research. 82 (1): 23–27. doi:10.1177/154405910308200106. PMID 12508040. S2CID 32275912.
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