Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea

The Charter prescribes that the size of the central committee is determined by the congress presidium. The Central Committee Plenary Session is empowered to renew its rank if "necessary". Candidates can be nominated by the provincial committees, but the Central Committee through the Organization and Guidance Department has the final say.[7]

In between sessions of party congresses and conferences, the Central Committee is the highest WPK institution.[8] It is not a permanent body and, according to the WPK Charter, shall convene at least once a year.[8][9] The Politburo summons the Central Committee for plenary sessions.[8] A plenary session shall consist of, according to the WPK Charter, discussing and deciding on "important issues of the party" and is empowered to elect the Politburo and its Presidium, Executive Policy Bureau, the Central Military Commission,[8] the Control Commission, WPK vice-chairmen, heads of CC departments and lower-level provincial posts.[10] It was formerly empowered to elect the party's leader.[8] It can elevate alternate, non-voting members to full members and appoint new voting and non-voting members to the Central Committee at its plenary sessions.[10]

The Politburo, formerly the Political Committee, was the main decision-making body of the WPK until the establishment of the Presidium.[11][12] The Politburo has full (voting) and candidate (non-voting) members and is the highest WPK decision-making body when it convenes for meetings.[13] Until the 3rd Conference, the Politburo was elected by the Central Committee immediately after a congress.[13] Although the party charter specifies that the Politburo should meet at least once a month, there is little evidence that this actually happens.[13] Politburo members may serve concurrently on party or state commissions, the government or the Central Committee apparatus.[13]

Evidence suggests that the Politburo functions much like the CPSU Politburo under Stalin, with Politburo members acting as the party leader's personal staff rather than as policymakers.[13] This was not always the case; before Kim Il Sung purged the party opposition, the Politburo was a decision-making body where policy differences were discussed.[13] Since Kim Il Sung's consolidation of power, the Politburo has turned into a rubber stamp body. Leading members have disappeared without explanation; the last case is that of Kim Tong-gyu who disappeared in 1977.[14] Politburo members under Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il lacked a strong power base and depended on the party leader for their position.[14]

The Presidium was established at the 6th Congress in 1980 and is the highest decision-making organ within the WPK when the Politburo and the Central Committee are not in session.[12] With the death of O Jin-u in 1995, Kim Jong Il remained the only member of the Presidium still alive; the four others (Kim Il Sung, Kim Il, O Jin-u, and Ri Jong-ok) died in office.[15] Between O Jin-u's death and the 3rd Conference, there were no reports indicating that Kim Jong Il or the central party leadership was planning to change the composition of the Presidium.[16] Stephan Haggard, Luke Herman and Jaesung Ryu, writing for Asian Survey in 2014, contended that the Presidium "was clearly not a functioning institution."[17]

The Secretariat, in its current form, was established at the 8th Congress, however, its history can be traced back to the establishment of the Secretariat at the 2nd Party Conference in October 1966.[18] It mimics the role of its Soviet counterpart during the Stalin era.[18] The WPK General Secretary is the Head of the Secretariat, and the other members have the title of "Secretary of the WPK Central Committee". The body is responsible for overseeing and implementing party policies and supervising party organs.[18]

The Central Military Commission was established in 1962 by a decision of the 5th Plenary Session of the 4th Central Committee.[19] A 1982 amendment to the WPK charter is believed to have made the CMC equal to the Central Committee, enabling it (among other things) to elect the WPK leader.[20] Despite this, some observers believe that at the 3rd Conference the CMC again became accountable to the Central Committee.[21] According to Article 27 of the WPK Charter, the CMC is the highest party body in military affairs and leads the Korean People's Army (KPA). It is responsible for the army's weapons and armaments development and procurement policies.[19] The WPK General Secretary is by right the CMC Chairman.[22]

The Control Commission, formerly the Inspection Commission, was elected by the 1st CC Plenary Session after a party congress.[23] It is responsible for regulating party membership and resolves disciplinary issues involving party members. Investigative subjects range from graft to anti-party and counter-revolutionary activities, generally encompassing all party rules violations.[23] Lower-level party organizations (at the provincial or county level, for example) and individual members may appeal directly to the commission.[23] It was abolished on 10 January 2021 and its functions moved to the Central Auditing Commission.[24]

Although under Kim Jong Il's rule the Central Committee apparatus underwent several reorganizations, some departments (mainly those responsible for internal and organizational party affairs: the Organization and Guidance, Propaganda and Agitation and Cadre Affairs departments) were left largely untouched.[25][26] In contrast, departments responsible for overseeing the economy or South Korean affairs (such as the Administrative Department, which was re-established in 2006 after being part of the Organization and Guidance Department since the 1990s) were frequently revamped.[27] Although the United Front Department had its ups and downs during Kim Jong Il's rule, in 2006–2007 it was the centre of a purge.[27]

The Economic Planning and Agricultural Policy departments were abolished in 2002–2003 to strengthen cabinet control of the economy.[27] Further changes occurred in 2009 with the establishment of the Film and Light Industry Industrial Policy departments; Office 38 was merged into Office 39 (and later re-established), the External Liaison Department was moved from WPK jurisdiction to the Cabinet, while Office 35 (also known as the External Investigations and Intelligence Department) and the Operations Department were moved from WPK jurisdiction to the Reconnaissance General Bureau.[27]

In 2010, North Korea renamed the Munitions Industry Department to "Machine Building Industry Department" as part of efforts to evade sanctions targeting of its defense industry; it reverted to its former name in 2017.[28]

By the 3rd Conference, it was known by foreign observers that certain department heads (Chong Pyong-ho, Kim Kuk-tae and Ri Ha-il, for example) had retired.[27]

A new legal affairs department was created in August 2020 and the 8th Congress in January 2021 revealed the existence of an economic policy office.[29] During the 8th Congress a Discipline Inspection Department was created.

The Rodong Sinmun is an organ of the WPK Central Committee and acts as the official mouthpiece of the party.[36] Its task is to "achieve a revolutionary transformation of society and the people as demanded by revolutionary ideology and juche idea of the great suryǒng, hold the entire party and people firmly around Kim Jong-il, and fight to secure political and ideological unity of the party."[36] The editor-in-chief of the newspaper is appointed by the central committee in a plenary session.[37]

Journal entries

Books