Centro Cultural de los Ejércitos

Since the mid-nineteenth century, it had been considered the creation of a military scientific community directed to the promotion of study. The then Centre of the Army and the Navy was founded in 1881 in a building at the beginning of Calle de Fuencarral.[2]

After changing headquarters on several occasions, the company bought a plot of land on the new Gran Vía, bordering Calle del Clavel and Calle del Caballero de Gracia.[3] It soon become that the space was not enough. A smaller annex was added, bringing the total to 965 square meters.[2]

When the Air Force was incorporated in 1940, the institution was renamed to Cultural Centre of the Armed Forces.[4]

As of 2021, the Cultural Centre of the Armed Forces continues to carry out intense cultural and educational work.

The building is located at Gran Vía 13, in the Sol neighborhood of the Centro district of the Spanish capital. It it also in fronts of calle del Clavel 1 and calle del Caballero de Gracia 9.

The land on which the building was erected was acquired by the Casino Militar in 1912. It was inaugurated on 16 November 1916 by King Alfonso XIII.[2]

The ground floor is resolved by the use of depressed arches. The main floor fronts Gran Vía with an imposing balcony with semicircular arched doors and balustrades, while the side facing calle del Clavel is finished off at both ends with stained glass windows made of glass and iron; the first floor has a balcony with a wrought-iron guard rail and access is through a segmental arch with decorated tympana that disappear on the side to adapt to the greater height of the dining room; the second floor has lintelled windows that are linked with those of the upper floor by a perimeter fence topped by simple segmental arches that provides an undulating shape to the finishing cornice. The third floor on the side of Calle del Clavel enjoys a double height space to accommodate the library and it is crowned by semicircular arches with large shields on the keystones transforming the cornice into a crenellated meander.[3]

The arched door at the entrance is protected by a large awning framed in wrought-iron, a balustrade balcony on top of the main floor flanked by two double-height columns with Corinthian capitals that support a second balcony on the third floor, and a finishing tower surmounted by a slate-clad vaulted roof. This vertical ensemble acts as an axis of composition where symmetry is deliberately renounced, but where each element finds in response another similar but not identical component on the other side of the rounded corner.[3]

The facade to Caballero de Gracia is simpler, although it respects the balance with its reciprocal at Clavel, with which it is articulated by means of a chamfer that culminates in a large coat of arms of Spain.[3]

Particularly noteworthy throughout the complex is the decorative importance given to the wrought iron lampposts scattered along the walls, balconies and terraces.

The construction obtained the first honorable mention at the City Council awards for the best-built properties in 1916, and the architect, Eduardo Sánchez Eznarriaga, received a cooperation diploma.[2]

• 
  Awning at main entrance
• 
  Inscription Si vis pacem, para bellum at main entrance
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  Coat of arms of Spain on back chamfer
• 
  Stained glass windows facing Calle del Clavel

• Castro, Antonio (3 March 2014). El Centro Cultural de los Ejércitos cumple 100 años. Madridiario.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
• Gallego, Eduardo (30 November 1916). "El nuevo centro social del Centro del Ejército y de la Armada". La Construcción Moderna. Madrid (22): 313–317. ISSN 1889-8408.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
• Guerra Garrido, Raúl (2009). Los cien años y nombres de la Gran Vía. Madrid: Ayuntamiento de Madrid. pp. 15–50.
• León, Pablo (29 January 2015). "Los militares esgrimen en la Gran Vía". El País.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
• Medialdea, Sara (21 March 2010). "El Casino Militar, vanguardia civil". ABC. Madrid.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)