Ceratosoma amoenum

Ceratosoma amoenum
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Heterobranchia
Order:	Nudibranchia
Suborder:	Doridina
Superfamily:	Doridoidea
Family:	Chromodorididae
Genus:	Ceratosoma
Species:	C. amoenum
Binomial name
	Ceratosoma amoenum; (Cheeseman, 1886)[1]
Synonyms
	Ceratosoma amoena ;

Ceratosoma amoenum, or the clown nudibranch, is a species of colorful dorid nudibranch, a sea slug, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusk in the family Chromodorididae.

Following the gender rules of International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, the spelling of Ceratosoma amoena has been changed into Ceratosoma amoenum.[2]

Distribution

Ceratosoma amoenum is a common nudibranch found in the intertidal zones of temperate southern Australia and northern New Zealand. There have also been a few reported sightings off the coast of southern Queensland.[3]

Ceratosoma amoenum
A pair of mating clown nudibranchs in the Poor Knights Islands, New Zealand.

Description

This species has a white body which is elaborately patterned with orange and purple spots especially on the dorsum. The size of the spots varies according to range, with those individuals in New Zealand having the largest. There is some variation in the patterning of this species. The gills and rhinophores are crimson-white in color and both the rhinophores and the unbranched gills can be retracted into pockets. At the rear of the mantle there is a large concentration of mantle glands. This species reaches at least 60 mm in length.[4]

Ecology

Ceratosoma amoenum is known to feed on sponges. It has been seen feeding on sponges from the genus Semitaspongia and the species Dysidea fragilis. It sequesters metabolites from its prey as a defense mechanism.[5]

References

Cheeseman, T. F. (1886). "On a new Species of Chromodoris". Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 18: 137. ISSN 1176-6158. Wikidata Q115628352.
Rudman, W.B., 2007 (Jul 5) Name changes in Ceratosoma. [Message in] Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney.
SeaSlug Forum factsheet: "The Sea Slug Forum - Ceratosoma amoenum". Archived from the original on 2008-10-03. Retrieved 2008-12-04.
W.B. Rudman (1987). "The Chromodorididae (Opisthobranchia: Mollusca) of the Indo-West Pacific: the genus Ceratosoma J. E. Gray". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 93 (2): 133–185. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1988.tb01531.x. Archived from the original on 2013-01-05.
Miller, M.C. (1967). "Grazing Carnivores - Some Sea-Slugs Feeding on Sedentary Invertebrates". Poirieria. 3: 1–11. ISSN 0032-2377. Wikidata Q115467036.

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[1] Cheeseman, T. F. (1886). "On a new Species of Chromodoris". Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 18: 137. ISSN 1176-6158. Wikidata Q115628352.

[2] Rudman, W.B., 2007 (Jul 5) Name changes in Ceratosoma. [Message in] Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney.

[3] SeaSlug Forum factsheet: "The Sea Slug Forum - Ceratosoma amoenum". Archived from the original on 2008-10-03. Retrieved 2008-12-04.

[4] W.B. Rudman (1987). "The Chromodorididae (Opisthobranchia: Mollusca) of the Indo-West Pacific: the genus Ceratosoma J. E. Gray". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 93 (2): 133–185. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1988.tb01531.x. Archived from the original on 2013-01-05.

[5] Miller, M.C. (1967). "Grazing Carnivores - Some Sea-Slugs Feeding on Sedentary Invertebrates". Poirieria. 3: 1–11. ISSN 0032-2377. Wikidata Q115467036.