Demographics of Chad
The people of Chad speak more than 100 different languages and divide themselves into many ethnic groups. However, language and ethnicity are not the same. Moreover, neither element can be tied to a particular physical type.[1]
| Demographics of Chad | |
|---|---|
 Population pyramid of Chad in 2020 | |
| Population | 17,963,211 (2022 est.) |
| Growth rate | 3.09% (2022 est.) |
| Birth rate | 40.45 births/1,000 population (2022 est.) |
| Death rate | 9.45 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.) |
| Life expectancy | 59.15 years |
| • male | 57.32 years |
| • female | 61.06 years |
| Fertility rate | 5.46 children born/woman (2022 est.) |
| Infant mortality rate | 65.48 deaths/1,000 live births |
| Net migration rate | -0.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.) |
| Age structure | |
| 0–14 years | 47.43% |
| 65 and over | 2.43% |
| Sex ratio | |
| Total | 0.98 male(s)/female (2022 est.) |
| At birth | 1.04 male(s)/female |
| Under 15 | 1.02 male(s)/female |
| 65 and over | 0.69 male(s)/female |
| Nationality | |
| Nationality | Chadian |
| Language | |
| Official | French, Arabic |
Although the possession of a common language shows that its speakers have lived together and have a common history, peoples also change languages. This is particularly so in Chad, where the openness of the terrain, marginal rainfall, frequent drought and famine, and low population densities have encouraged physical and linguistic mobility. Slave raids among non-Muslim peoples, internal slave trade, and exports of captives northward from the ninth to the twentieth centuries also have resulted in language changes.
Anthropologists view ethnicity as being more than genetics. Like language, ethnicity implies a shared heritage, partly economic, where people of the same ethnic group may share a livelihood, and partly social, taking the form of shared ways of doing things and organizing relations among individuals and groups. Ethnicity also involves a cultural component made up of shared values and a common worldview. Like language, ethnicity is not immutable. Shared ways of doing things change over time and alter a group's perception of its own identity.
Not only do the social aspects of ethnic identity change but the biological composition (or gene pool) also may change over time. Although most ethnic groups emphasize intermarriage, people are often proscribed from seeking partners among close relatives—a prohibition that promotes biological variation. In all groups, the departure of some individuals or groups and the integration of others also changes the biological component.
The Chadian government has avoided official recognition of ethnicity. With the exception of a few surveys conducted shortly after independence, little data were available on this important aspect of Chadian society. Nonetheless, ethnic identity was a significant component of life in Chad.
The peoples of Chad carry significant ancestry from Eastern, Central, Western, and Northern Africa.[2]
Chad's languages fall into ten major groups, each of which belongs to either the Nilo-Saharan, Afro-Asiatic, or Niger–Congo language family. These represent three of the four major language families in Africa; only the Khoisan languages of southern Africa are not represented. The presence of such different languages suggests that the Lake Chad Basin may have been an important point of dispersal in ancient times.
Population
According to the 2022 revision of the World Population Prospects[3][4] the total population was 17,179,740 in 2021, compared to only 2 429 000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2010 was 45.4%, 51.7% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 2.9% was 65 years or the country is projected to have a population of 34 millions peoples in 2050 and 61 millions peoples in 2100 .[5]
| Total population | Population aged 0–14 (%) | Population aged 15–64 (%) | Population aged 65+ (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 2 429 000 | 37.8 | 57.8 | 4.4 |
| 1955 | 2 671 000 | 39.1 | 56.8 | 4.1 |
| 1960 | 2 954 000 | 40.3 | 55.9 | 3.8 |
| 1965 | 3 289 000 | 41.5 | 54.7 | 3.8 |
| 1970 | 3 656 000 | 42.0 | 54.2 | 3.8 |
| 1975 | 4 114 000 | 42.8 | 53.4 | 3.8 |
| 1980 | 4 554 000 | 44.0 | 52.3 | 3.7 |
| 1985 | 5 151 000 | 45.2 | 51.2 | 3.6 |
| 1990 | 6 011 000 | 45.8 | 50.7 | 3.5 |
| 1995 | 6 998 000 | 45.9 | 50.8 | 3.3 |
| 2000 | 8 222 000 | 45.9 | 51.0 | 3.1 |
| 2005 | 9 786 000 | 45.8 | 51.2 | 3.0 |
| 2010 | 11 227 000 | 45.4 | 51.7 | 2.9 |
Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 20.V.2009):[6]
| Age Group | Male | Female | Total | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 5 452 483 | 5 587 390 | 11 039 873 | 100 |
| 0–4 | 1 129 693 | 1 100 985 | 2 230 678 | 20.21 |
| 5–9 | 1 012 471 | 987 297 | 1 999 768 | 18.11 |
| 10–14 | 700 015 | 650 633 | 1 350 648 | 12.23 |
| 15–19 | 502 894 | 557 494 | 1 060 388 | 9.61 |
| 20–24 | 382 122 | 482 768 | 864 890 | 7.83 |
| 25–29 | 320 063 | 433 622 | 753 685 | 6.83 |
| 30–34 | 277 322 | 335 402 | 612 724 | 5.55 |
| 35–39 | 241 971 | 260 515 | 502 485 | 4.55 |
| 40–44 | 215 887 | 214 181 | 430 068 | 3.90 |
| 45–49 | 163 952 | 139 357 | 303 308 | 2.75 |
| 50–54 | 147 725 | 133 019 | 280 744 | 2.54 |
| 55–59 | 84 938 | 62 817 | 147 755 | 1.34 |
| 60–64 | 92 696 | 85 024 | 177 720 | 1.61 |
| 65-69 | 48 054 | 37 398 | 85 452 | 0.77 |
| 70-74 | 56 059 | 49 289 | 105 348 | 0.95 |
| 75-79 | 24 148 | 17 371 | 41 518 | 0.38 |
| 80-84 | 24 947 | 21 486 | 46 433 | 0.42 |
| 85-89 | 9 086 | 5 833 | 14 919 | 0.14 |
| 90-94 | 6 852 | 5 465 | 12 317 | 0.11 |
| 95-99 | 5 113 | 3 609 | 8 722 | 0.08 |
| 100+ | 1 323 | 1 200 | 2 523 | 0.02 |
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
| 0–14 | 2 842 179 | 2 738 915 | 5 581 094 | 50.55 |
| 15–64 | 2 429 569 | 2 704 199 | 5 133 768 | 46.50 |
| 65+ | 175 582 | 141 651 | 317 233 | 2.87 |
| Unknown | 5 153 | 2 625 | 7 778 | 0.07 |
Vital statistics
Registration of vital events is in Chad not complete. The Population Departement of the United Nations prepared the following estimates.
| Live births per year | Deaths per year | Natural change per year | CBR[lower-roman 1] | CDR[lower-roman 1] | NC[lower-roman 1] | TFR[lower-roman 1] | IMR[lower-roman 1] | Life expectancy (years) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 117,000 | 70,000 | 47,000 | 46.7 | 27.8 | 18.9 | 6.06 | 197.6 | 36.21 |
| 1951 | 119,000 | 72,000 | 47,000 | 46.5 | 28.1 | 18.4 | 6.07 | 196.5 | 36.34 |
| 1952 | 121,000 | 73,000 | 48,000 | 46.4 | 28.1 | 18.3 | 6.09 | 194.4 | 36.50 |
| 1953 | 123,000 | 74,000 | 49,000 | 46.4 | 27.9 | 18.5 | 6.11 | 192.3 | 36.84 |
| 1954 | 125,000 | 75,000 | 50,000 | 46.3 | 27.7 | 18.5 | 6.13 | 190.3 | 37.03 |
| 1955 | 127,000 | 76,000 | 51,000 | 46.2 | 27.6 | 18.6 | 6.15 | 188.3 | 37.21 |
| 1956 | 130,000 | 77,000 | 53,000 | 46.1 | 27.3 | 18.8 | 6.17 | 186.3 | 37.45 |
| 1957 | 132,000 | 78,000 | 54,000 | 46.0 | 27.1 | 18.9 | 6.19 | 184.3 | 37.66 |
| 1958 | 134,000 | 78,000 | 56,000 | 45.9 | 26.8 | 19.1 | 6.21 | 182.3 | 37.94 |
| 1959 | 136,000 | 79,000 | 57,000 | 45.9 | 26.5 | 19.3 | 6.23 | 180.3 | 38.19 |
| 1960 | 139,000 | 80,000 | 59,000 | 45.7 | 26.3 | 19.4 | 6.25 | 178.4 | 38.37 |
| 1961 | 141,000 | 80,000 | 61,000 | 45.7 | 26.0 | 19.6 | 6.27 | 176.5 | 38.63 |
| 1962 | 144,000 | 81,000 | 62,000 | 45.6 | 25.8 | 19.8 | 6.29 | 174.6 | 38.84 |
| 1963 | 146,000 | 82,000 | 64,000 | 45.5 | 25.6 | 19.9 | 6.30 | 172.8 | 39.07 |
| 1964 | 149,000 | 83,000 | 66,000 | 45.4 | 25.3 | 20.2 | 6.32 | 171.0 | 39.33 |
| 1965 | 152,000 | 85,000 | 67,000 | 45.4 | 25.4 | 20.0 | 6.34 | 169.7 | 39.12 |
| 1966 | 155,000 | 86,000 | 69,000 | 45.4 | 25.3 | 20.2 | 6.36 | 166.8 | 39.15 |
| 1967 | 158,000 | 87,000 | 71,000 | 45.6 | 25.0 | 20.6 | 6.39 | 164.2 | 39.48 |
| 1968 | 162,000 | 87,000 | 75,000 | 45.8 | 24.6 | 21.2 | 6.43 | 161.3 | 39.90 |
| 1969 | 166,000 | 88,000 | 79,000 | 46.2 | 24.3 | 21.9 | 6.48 | 158.3 | 40.27 |
| 1970 | 172,000 | 88,000 | 83,000 | 46.7 | 24.1 | 22.6 | 6.53 | 155.2 | 40.60 |
| 1971 | 177,000 | 92,000 | 85,000 | 47.2 | 24.4 | 22.7 | 6.58 | 153.5 | 40.19 |
| 1972 | 188,000 | 90,000 | 97,000 | 49.0 | 23.6 | 25.4 | 6.85 | 149.1 | 41.40 |
| 1973 | 192,000 | 92,000 | 100,000 | 49.0 | 23.5 | 25.5 | 6.87 | 148.7 | 41.78 |
| 1974 | 196,000 | 94,000 | 102,000 | 48.8 | 23.5 | 25.4 | 6.86 | 147.8 | 41.79 |
| 1975 | 200,000 | 96,000 | 104,000 | 48.7 | 23.4 | 25.4 | 6.88 | 147.0 | 41.87 |
| 1976 | 203,000 | 97,000 | 107,000 | 48.6 | 23.1 | 25.5 | 6.89 | 145.5 | 42.04 |
| 1977 | 206,000 | 98,000 | 109,000 | 48.4 | 22.9 | 25.5 | 6.90 | 144.6 | 42.26 |
| 1978 | 209,000 | 98,000 | 111,000 | 48.2 | 22.7 | 25.5 | 6.89 | 143.6 | 42.50 |
| 1979 | 212,000 | 99,000 | 113,000 | 48.1 | 22.4 | 25.7 | 6.91 | 142.6 | 42.81 |
| 1980 | 218,000 | 100,000 | 118,000 | 48.2 | 22.1 | 26.1 | 6.91 | 141.4 | 43.06 |
| 1981 | 205,000 | 97,000 | 108,000 | 46.3 | 21.9 | 24.5 | 6.94 | 141.0 | 43.31 |
| 1982 | 212,000 | 97,000 | 115,000 | 46.9 | 21.4 | 25.5 | 6.96 | 139.5 | 43.73 |
| 1983 | 242,000 | 102,000 | 140,000 | 49.8 | 21.1 | 28.8 | 6.98 | 138.0 | 44.18 |
| 1984 | 252,000 | 105,000 | 147,000 | 50.4 | 21.0 | 29.4 | 7.02 | 136.2 | 44.52 |
| 1985 | 245,000 | 103,000 | 142,000 | 49.3 | 20.7 | 28.5 | 7.04 | 135.0 | 45.05 |
| 1986 | 252,000 | 104,000 | 148,000 | 49.4 | 20.4 | 28.9 | 7.07 | 132.1 | 45.21 |
| 1987 | 268,000 | 116,000 | 153,000 | 50.7 | 21.8 | 28.8 | 7.11 | 130.4 | 42.80 |
| 1988 | 283,000 | 110,000 | 173,000 | 51.7 | 20.2 | 31.5 | 7.15 | 128.9 | 45.79 |
| 1989 | 295,000 | 114,000 | 182,000 | 52.1 | 20.1 | 32.0 | 7.19 | 127.0 | 45.88 |
| 1990 | 307,000 | 121,000 | 185,000 | 52.4 | 20.7 | 31.6 | 7.22 | 125.3 | 44.69 |
| 1991 | 312,000 | 120,000 | 192,000 | 52.1 | 20.0 | 32.0 | 7.26 | 124.2 | 45.94 |
| 1992 | 336,000 | 125,000 | 211,000 | 53.3 | 19.9 | 33.4 | 7.30 | 122.5 | 46.10 |
| 1993 | 349,000 | 129,000 | 221,000 | 53.5 | 19.7 | 33.8 | 7.34 | 120.9 | 46.32 |
| 1994 | 343,000 | 129,000 | 214,000 | 52.1 | 19.5 | 32.5 | 7.31 | 119.6 | 46.45 |
| 1995 | 355,000 | 131,000 | 224,000 | 52.1 | 19.2 | 32.9 | 7.29 | 118.2 | 46.71 |
| 1996 | 381,000 | 136,000 | 245,000 | 53.0 | 18.9 | 34.0 | 7.29 | 117.0 | 47.01 |
| 1997 | 390,000 | 139,000 | 251,000 | 52.4 | 18.7 | 33.7 | 7.27 | 115.6 | 47.22 |
| 1998 | 403,000 | 143,000 | 260,000 | 52.2 | 18.5 | 33.7 | 7.27 | 114.0 | 47.22 |
| 1999 | 413,000 | 146,000 | 267,000 | 51.7 | 18.3 | 33.4 | 7.26 | 112.4 | 47.37 |
| 2000 | 424,000 | 149,000 | 275,000 | 51.3 | 18.1 | 33.2 | 7.25 | 110.7 | 47.44 |
| 2001 | 436,000 | 151,000 | 285,000 | 51.1 | 17.7 | 33.4 | 7.23 | 108.8 | 47.85 |
| 2002 | 444,000 | 154,000 | 290,000 | 50.3 | 17.4 | 32.9 | 7.20 | 106.8 | 47.95 |
| 2003 | 457,000 | 157,000 | 300,000 | 49.9 | 17.1 | 32.8 | 7.18 | 105.1 | 48.21 |
| 2004 | 481,000 | 162,000 | 318,000 | 50.3 | 17.0 | 33.3 | 7.16 | 103.4 | 48.23 |
| 2005 | 503,000 | 168,000 | 335,000 | 50.3 | 16.8 | 33.5 | 7.13 | 101.5 | 48.31 |
| 2006 | 517,000 | 173,000 | 344,000 | 49.9 | 16.7 | 33.2 | 7.12 | 99.7 | 48.29 |
| 2007 | 533,000 | 175,000 | 359,000 | 49.7 | 16.3 | 33.4 | 7.09 | 97.5 | 48.75 |
| 2008 | 546,000 | 177,000 | 368,000 | 49.2 | 16.0 | 33.2 | 7.06 | 95.4 | 49.02 |
| 2009 | 562,000 | 181,000 | 381,000 | 48.9 | 15.8 | 33.2 | 7.02 | 93.2 | 49.20 |
| 2010 | 580,000 | 183,000 | 397,000 | 48.8 | 15.4 | 33.3 | 6.99 | 91.1 | 49.58 |
| 2011 | 595,000 | 185,000 | 410,000 | 48.4 | 15.1 | 33.3 | 6.95 | 88.9 | 50.01 |
| 2012 | 612,000 | 187,000 | 426,000 | 48.0 | 14.6 | 33.4 | 6.91 | 86.6 | 50.54 |
| 2013 | 626,000 | 190,000 | 437,000 | 47.5 | 14.4 | 33.1 | 6.84 | 84.5 | 50.78 |
| 2014 | 643,000 | 192,000 | 451,000 | 47.0 | 14.0 | 33.0 | 6.78 | 82.6 | 51.20 |
| 2015 | 657,000 | 194,000 | 463,000 | 46.4 | 13.7 | 32.7 | 6.71 | 80.6 | 51.59 |
| 2016 | 663,000 | 194,000 | 469,000 | 45.5 | 13.3 | 32.2 | 6.62 | 78.5 | 52.08 |
| 2017 | 676,000 | 197,000 | 479,000 | 44.8 | 13.0 | 31.8 | 6.54 | 76.3 | 52.31 |
| 2018 | 691,000 | 197,000 | 494,000 | 44.4 | 12.7 | 31.7 | 6.46 | 74.2 | 52.83 |
| 2019 | 714,000 | 200,000 | 514,000 | 44.2 | 12.4 | 31.9 | 6.41 | 72.2 | 53.26 |
| 2020 | 730,000 | 208,000 | 522,000 | 43.8 | 12.5 | 31.4 | 6.35 | 70.2 | 52.78 |
| 2021 | 745,000 | 215,000 | 530,000 | 43.4 | 12.5 | 30.9 | 6.26 | 68.2 | 52.53 |
| |||||||||
Source: UN DESA, World Population Prospects, 2022[7]
Fertility and births
Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):[8]
| Year | CBR (Total) | TFR (Total) | CBR (Urban) | TFR (Urban) | CBR (Rural) | TFR (Rural) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1996-97 | 47,8 | 6,6 (6,3) | 44,4 | 6,1 (5,7) | 48,8 | 6,8 (6,5) |
| 2004 | 44,6 | 6,3 (6,1) | 41,8 | 5,7 (5,5) | 45,3 | 6,5 (6,2) |
| 2014-15 | 40,5 | 6,4 (6,1) | 36,0 | 5,4 (5,1) | 41,8 | 6,8 (6,5) |
Fertility data as of 2014-2015 (DHS Program):[9]
| Region | Total fertility rate | Percentage of women age 15-49 currently pregnant | Mean number of children ever born to women age 40-49 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Batha | 7.3 | 12.2 | 8.3 |
| Borkou, Tibesti | 5.3 | 9.6 | 6.4 |
| Chari Baguirmi | 6.6 | 16.1 | 7.7 |
| Guéra | 6.7 | 14.6 | 8.4 |
| Hadjer-Lamis | 6.8 | 14.5 | 8.4 |
| Kanem | 6.0 | 14.8 | 7.1 |
| Lac | 5.4 | 14.7 | 7.9 |
| Logone Occidental | 6.4 | 12.7 | 7.6 |
| Logone Oriental | 7.6 | 12.7 | 8.3 |
| Mandoul | 6.5 | 12.7 | 7.7 |
| Mayo Kebbi Est | 6.7 | 15.0 | 7.3 |
| Mayo Kebbi Ouest | 7.5 | 13.8 | 7.9 |
| Moyen Chari | 5.5 | 12.6 | 6.8 |
| Ouaddaï | 6.1 | 13.1 | 7.1 |
| Salamat | 6.5 | 19.7 | 8.0 |
| Tandjilé | 7.1 | 13.1 | 8.0 |
| Wadi Fira | 5.9 | 12.2 | 6.5 |
| N’Djaména | 5.2 | 9.4 | 6.5 |
| Barh El Gazal | 5.6 | 14.5 | 7.1 |
| Ennedi Est, Ennedi Ouest | 5.0 | 13.4 | 6.3 |
| Sila | 6.7 | 19.6 | 7.7 |
Religions
The separation of religion from social structure in Chad represents a false dichotomy, for they are perceived as two sides of the same coin. Three religious traditions coexist in Chad- classical African religions, Islam, and Christianity. None is monolithic. The first tradition includes a variety of ancestor and/or place-oriented religions whose expression is highly specific. Islam, although characterized by an orthodox set of beliefs and observances, also is expressed in diverse ways. Christianity arrived in Chad much more recently with the arrival of Europeans. Its followers are divided into Roman Catholics and Protestants (including several denominations); as with Chadian Islam, Chadian Christianity retains aspects of pre-Christian religious belief.
The number of followers of each tradition in Chad is unknown. Estimates made in 1962 suggested that 35 percent of Chadians practiced classical African religions, 55 percent were Muslims, and 10 percent were Christians. In the 1970s and 1980s, this distribution undoubtedly changed. Observers report that Islam has spread among the Hajerai and among other non-Muslim populations of the Saharan and sahelian zones. However, the proportion of Muslims may have fallen because the birthrate among the followers of traditional religions and Christians in southern Chad is thought to be higher than that among Muslims. In addition, the upheavals since the mid-1970s have resulted in the departure of some missionaries; whether or not Chadian Christians have been numerous enough and organized enough to have attracted more converts since that time is unknown.
Other demographic statistics
Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2022.[10]
- One birth every 45 seconds
- One death every 3 minutes
- One net migrant every 1440 minutes
- Net gain of one person every 1 minutes
The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook.[11]
Population
- 17,963,211 (2022 est.)
- 15,833,116 (July 2018 est.)
- 12,075,985 (2017 est.)
Religions
Muslim 52.1%, Protestant 23.9%, Roman Catholic 20%, animist 0.3%, other Christian 0.2%, none 2.8%, unspecified 0.7% (2014-15 est.)
Age structure
- 0-14 years: 47.43% (male 4,050,505/female 3,954,413)
- 15-24 years: 19.77% (male 1,676,495/female 1,660,417)
- 25-54 years: 27.14% (male 2,208,181/female 2,371,490)
- 55-64 years: 3.24% (male 239,634/female 306,477)
- 65 years and over: 2.43% (2020 est.) (male 176,658/female 233,087)
- 0-14 years: 48.12% (male 3,856,001 /female 3,763,622)
- 15-24 years: 19.27% (male 1,532,687 /female 1,518,940)
- 25-54 years: 26.95% (male 2,044,795 /female 2,222,751)
- 55-64 years: 3.25% (male 228,930 /female 286,379)
- 65 years and over: 2.39% (male 164,257 /female 214,754) (2018 est.)
Median age
- total: 16.1 years. Country comparison to the world: 223rd
- male: 15.6 years
- female: 16.5 years (2020 est.)
- total: 15.8 years. Country comparison to the world: 226th
- male: 15.3 years
- female: 16.3 years (2018 est.)
- Total: 17.8 years
- Male: 16.8 years
- Female: 18.8 years (2017 est.)
Population growth rate
- 3.09% (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 10th
- 3.23% (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 5th
Birth rate
- 40.45 births/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 6th
- 43 births/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 4th
Death rate
- 9.45 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 49th
- 10.5 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 26th
Net migration rate
- -0.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 105th
- -3.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.) Country comparison to the world: 176th
Total fertility rate
- 5.46 children born/woman (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 5th
- 5.9 children born/woman (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 4th
Mother's mean age at first birth
- 18.1 years (2014/15 est.)
- note: median age at first birth among women 25-49
Dependency ratios
- total dependency ratio: 100.2 (2015 est.)
- youth dependency ratio: 95.2 (2015 est.)
- elderly dependency ratio: 4.9 (2015 est.)
- potential support ratio: 20.3 (2015 est.)
Contraceptive prevalence rate
- 8.1% (2019)
- 5.7% (2014/15)
Urbanization
- urban population: 24.1% of total population (2022)
- rate of urbanization: 4.1% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
- urban population: 23.1% of total population (2018)
- rate of urbanization: 3.88% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)
Sex ratio
- At birth: 1.04 male(s)/female
- Under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
- 15–64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female
- 65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/female
- Total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Life expectancy at birth
- total population: 59.15 years. Country comparison to the world: 222nd
- male: 57.32 years
- female: 61.06 years (2022 est.)
- total population: 57.5 years (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 214th
- male: 55.7 years (2018 est.)
- female: 59.3 years (2018 est.)
- Total population: 50.6 years
- Male: 49.4 years
- Female: 51.9 years (2017 est.)
HIV/AIDS
- Adult prevalence rate: 1.3% (2017 est.)
- People living with HIV/AIDS: 110,000(2017 est.)
- Deaths: 3,100 (2017 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight
- 28.8% (2015)
Major infectious diseases
- degree of risk: very high (2020)
- food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever
- vectorborne diseases: malaria and dengue fever
- water contact diseases: schistosomiasis
- animal contact diseases: rabies
- respiratory diseases: meningococcal meningitis
note: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Chad is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an “infected” person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine
Child marriage
- women married by age 15: 24.2% (2019)
- women married by age 18: 60.6% (2019)
- men married by age 18: 8.1% (2019 est.)
Nationality
- Noun: Chadian(s)
- Adjective: Chadian
Ethnic groups
The peoples of Chad carry significant ancestry from Eastern, Central, Western, and Northern Africa.[2]
- 200 distinct groups
- In the north and center: Arabs, Tubu (Daza, Teda), Zaghawa, Kanembu, Wadai, Baguirmi, Hadjarai, Fulani, Kotoko, Hausa, Bulala, and Maba, most of whom are Muslim
- In the south: Sara (Ngambaye, Mbaye, Goulaye), Mundang, Mussei, Massa, most of whom are Christian or animist
About 5,000 French citizens live in Chad.
Religions
- Islam 51.8%
- Roman Catholic 20.3%
- Protestant 23.5%
- Animist 0.6%
- Other Christians 0.3%
- Unknown 0.6%
- None 2.9% [12]
Languages
- Arabic (official), French (official), Sara (in south), more than 120 different languages and dialects
Literacy
- Definition: age 15 and over can read and write French or Arabic
- total population: 22.3% (2016 est.)
- male: 31.3% (2016 est.)
- female: 14% (2016 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
- total: 7 years
- male: 9 years
- female: 6 years (2015)
- total: 8 years (2014)
- male: 9 years (2014)
- female: 6 years (2014)
Notes
- "Chad Demographics Profile 2016". indexmundi.com. Retrieved 18 January 2017.
- Haber, Marc; Mezzavilla, Massimo; Bergström, Anders; Prado-Martinez, Javier; Hallast, Pille; Saif-Ali, Riyadh; Al-Habori, Molham; Dedoussis, George; Zeggini, Eleftheria; Blue-Smith, Jason; Wells, R. Spencer; Xue, Yali; Zalloua, Pierre A.; Tyler-Smith, Chris (2016-12-01). "Chad Genetic Diversity Reveals an African History Marked by Multiple Holocene Eurasian Migrations". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 99 (6): 1316–1324. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.10.012. ISSN 0002-9297. PMC 5142112. PMID 27889059.
- "World Population Prospects 2022". population.un.org. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
- "World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" (XSLX). population.un.org ("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
- Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision
- "UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics".
- United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division (2022). "World Population Prospects 2022 Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" (XLS (91MB)). United Nations Population Division. 27 (Online ed.). New York: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. rows 3461:3549, cols X,AE,S,AH,S,AA,AV,AI. Archived from the original on 2022-08-09.
- "MEASURE DHS: Demographic and Health Surveys". worldbank.org. Retrieved 18 January 2017.
- "Enquête Démographique et de Santé et à Indicateurs Multiples au Tchad" (PDF). The DHS Program (in French). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-10-20. Retrieved 24 October 2022.
- "Chad Population 2022", World Population Review
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: "The World FactBook - Chad", The World Factbook, July 12, 2018 - "Tchad: Enquête Démographique et de Santé, 2014-2015" (PDF) (in French). Institut National de la Statistique, des Études Économiques et Démographiques. p. 34. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
References
- ""U.S. Census Bureau." Census Bureau Home Page". census.gov. 29 January 2010. Archived from the original on 10 October 2013. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
Attribution:
This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook (2023 ed.). CIA. (Archived 2006 edition)
