Chaim L. Pekeris

Chaim Leib Pekeris (June 15, 1908 – February 24, 1993)[1] was an Israeli-American physicist and mathematician. He made notable contributions to geophysics and the spectral theory of many-electron atoms, in particular the helium atom. He was also one of the designers of the first computer in Israel, WEIZAC.

Chaim Leib Pekeris
Born(1908-06-15)June 15, 1908
Alytus, Vilna Governorate
DiedFebruary 24, 1993(1993-02-24) (aged 84)
Rehovot, Israel
NationalityLithuanian/American/Israeli
Alma materMassachusetts Institute of Technology
Known forsurface waves, stability of pipe flow
SpouseLeah Kaplan
AwardsGold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (1980)
Israel Prize (1980)
Scientific career
FieldsGeophysics
InstitutionsMassachusetts Institute of Technology
Columbia University
Institute for Advanced Study
Weizmann Institute of Science

Biography

Pekeris was born in Alytus, Vilna Governorate on June 15, 1908. With the assistance of his uncle, Pekeris and his two brothers emigrated to the United States around 1925.[2] He entered the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1925 graduating in 1929 with a B.Sc. in meteorology. Pekeris also took his graduate studies at MIT, studying under Carl-Gustav Rossby. In January 1933 he married Lea Kaplan, who was also born in Lithuania. He graduated with his doctoral degree in 1934.[2][3][4]

In 1934 Pekeris joined the faculty at M.I.T. as an instructor in geophysics in the department of geology. He became a US citizen in 1938.[5] Pekeris remained at M.I.T until 1941 when he moved to the Hudson Laboratories of Columbia University to conduct military research. In 1946 he joined the Institute for Advanced Study.

Pekeris and his wife moved to Israel in 1948,[2] where he joined the Weizmann Institute as head of its department of applied mathematics in 1949.[6] During the 1948 Arab–Israeli War he was involved in a clandestine program in New York State developing munitions for the newborn State of Israel.[7]

He received the Gold Medal from the Royal Astronomical Society in 1980, and the Israel Prize from the State of Israel in 1981.[3] Teddy Kollek, the mayor of Jerusalem from 1965 to 1993, said in 1990: "I have told you a lot about Chaim Pekeris tonight and there is much more that I could tell, but you will understand that there are reasons that I can’t. Let me simply say that Chaim Pekeris played a most significant role in the establishment of the State of Israel."[3] He died in Rehovot, Israel on February 24, 1993.[2][3]

Awards and honors

See also

References
  1. "Chaim L. Pekeris". Social Security Death Index. New England Historic Genealogical Society. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
  2. "Chaim Pekeris". The Modesto Bee. Modesto, CA. March 6, 1993. p. 55. Retrieved September 14, 2023 – via Newspapers.com. open access
  3. Gilbert, Freeman (2004). Chaim Leib Pekeris (June 15, 1908–February 24, 1993). pp. 217–228. doi:10.17226/11172. ISBN 978-0-309-09183-1. Retrieved 19 September 2019. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  4. BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
  5. "U.S. Naturalization Records Indexes, 1794-1995". Index to Naturalization Petitions and Records of the U.S. District Court, 1906-1966, and the U.S. Circuit Court, 1906-1911, for the District of Massachusetts. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). Retrieved 25 March 2011.
  6. "The Vetlesen Prize". Archived from the original on 2012-04-02. Retrieved 2011-10-13.
  7. A Bullet Factory in the Catskills
  8. "APS Fellow archive". APS. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
  9. "Chaim Leib Pekeris: Fellowship". Guggenheim Foundation. Archived from the original on 20 September 2012. Retrieved 25 March 2011.
  10. "Chaim Leib Pekeris". American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Retrieved 2022-08-09.
  11. "Chaim L. Pekeris". www.nasonline.org. Retrieved 2022-08-09.
  12. "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 2022-08-09.
  13. "Israel Prize Official Site - Recipients in 1980 (in Hebrew)".

Further reading

Books

  • Leo Corry and Raya Leviathan, WEIZAC: An Israeli Pioneering Adventure in Electronic Computing (1945-1963), [Springer Verlag 2019].
  • Leo Corry and Raya Leviathan, Chaim L. Pekeris and the Art of Applying Mathematics with WEIZAC (1955–1963), [Springer Verlag 2023].
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