Chamber of the Holocaust

31°46′16.87″N 35°13′46.21″E

Museum entrance

Chamber of the Holocaust (Hebrew: מרתף השואה, Martef HaShoa, lit. "Cellar of the Catastrophe") is a small Holocaust museum located on Mount Zion in Jerusalem, Israel. It was Israel's first Holocaust museum.[1][2][3]

History

The memorial was inaugurated on 30 December 1949 by the Ministry of Religion and its Director-General, Rabbi Dr. Samuel Zangvil Kahane, whose purview included Mount Zion.[4] That same year, Kahane oversaw the on-site burial of ashes of victims from the Oranienburg concentration camp[5] together with desecrated Torah scrolls recovered from Nazi Europe.[6]

In contrast to Yad Vashem, the government's official Holocaust memorial museum established in 1953 on Mount Herzl – a new site symbolizing rebirth after destruction – the Chief Rabbinate chose Mount Zion as the site for the Chamber of the Holocaust because of its proximity to David's Tomb, which symbolically connotes ancient Jewish history and the promise of messianic redemption (through the Messiah, son of David).[7][8]

Scholars have noted that the somber ambience of the museum, whose dank, cave-like rooms[9] are illuminated by candelight,[10] is meant to portray the Holocaust as a continuation of the "death and destruction" that plagued Jewish communities throughout history.[11]

Description

The museum features a large courtyard and ten exhibition rooms.[3] The walls of the courtyard plus several rooms and passages are covered with tombstone-like plaques[12] inscribed in Hebrew, Yiddish, and English, memorializing more than 2,000 Jewish communities destroyed during the Holocaust.[13][14] These plaques were generally sponsored by survivors from those communities, and survivors hold memorial services here on the anniversary of their town's destruction.[13]

Below is an example, accompanied by a translation of the text:

In eternal memory

In memory of the souls of our dear friends, the martyrs of our city
Przedecz (Pshaytsh)
(Włocławek district)
who were murdered by the Nazis and their collaborators, may their names be obliterated
in Chełmno on the 7th day of Iyar, [5]742 [Anno Mundi], 24 April 1942
and in the other places of extermination, may God avenge their blood
The memorial day was established as the 7th day of Iyar
May their lives be bound in the bundle of the living
Their holy memory immortalized by the survivors of our city

in Israel and in the Diaspora.

Many of the museum's exhibits display religious artifacts such as a bloodstained Torah scroll from Węgrów, Poland, and a handwritten prayer book from the Buchenwald concentration camp. Other exhibits include "purses, shoe soles, drums and wallets made from the parchments of Torah scrolls",[3] a coat sewn from Torah parchments which was worn by a Nazi officer, a prisoner uniform from the Auschwitz concentration camp,[3] and a recreation of the gas oven used in the crematoria of concentration camps.[15] The museum also includes urns with the ashes of Holocaust victims from 36 Nazi death camps[16] and "RIF" soap manufactured by the Nazis from human fat.[15] There is also an exhibit on neo-Nazism with a selection of modern-day antisemitic literature.[17]

References
  1. "Martef HaShoah". Martef HaShoah. Archived from the original on 2018-04-12. Retrieved 2018-04-12.
  2. Arundale, Jean; Covington, Coline; Knox, Jean; Williams, Paul (2002). Terrorism and War: Unconscious dynamics of political violence. Karnac Books. p. 368. ISBN 978-1780496924.
  3. "מרתף השואה" [Chamber of the Holocaust] (in Hebrew). Jerusalem Municipality. 2008. Archived from the original on 2021-02-04. Retrieved 2012-05-11.
  4. Bar, Doron (Fall 2005). "Holocaust Commemoration in Israel During the 1950s: The Holocaust Cellar on Mount Zion". Jewish Social Studies. Indiana University Press. 12 (1): 19. doi:10.2979/JSS.2005.12.1.16. S2CID 162385688.
  5. Baumel-Schwartz, Judith Tydor (2010). Perfect Heroes: The World War II parachutists and the making of Israeli collective memory. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 99. ISBN 978-0299234843. Archived from the original on 2021-02-04. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
  6. Kenan, Orna (2003). Between Memory and History: The evolution of Israeli historiography of the Holocaust, 1945–1961. Peter Lang. pp. 47–48. ISBN 978-0820458052. Archived from the original on 2021-02-04. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
  7. Edrei, Arye (2007-06-07). "Holocaust Memorial". In Doron Mendels (ed.). On Memory: An Interdisciplinary Approach. p. 43. ISBN 978-3-03911-064-3. Archived from the original on 2014-07-05. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
  8. Singer, Yehudit (May 6, 2008). "60 Years of Commemorating the Holocaust". ShiurTimes: 36–37. Archived from the original on November 10, 2013. Retrieved April 20, 2012.
  9. Jacobson, Mark (2010). The Lampshade: A Holocaust Detective story from Buchenwald to New Orleans. Simon & Schuster. pp. 274–275. ISBN 978-1416566274. Archived from the original on 2021-02-04. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
  10. Ullian, Robert (2010). Frommer's Israel. John Wiley & Sons. p. 182. ISBN 978-0470618202. Archived from the original on 2021-02-04. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
  11. Stauber, Roni (2007). The Holocaust in Israeli Public Debate in the 1950s: Ideology and memory. Vallentine Mitchell. p. 99. ISBN 978-0853037231. Archived from the original on 2021-02-04. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
  12. "Chamber of the Holocaust" (in Hebrew). Ministry of Tourism, Government of Israel. Archived from the original on October 10, 2013. Retrieved May 11, 2012.
  13. Amdur Sack, Sallyann (1995). A guide to Jewish genealogical research in Israel. Avotaynu. p. 67. ISBN 978-0962637377. Archived from the original on 2021-02-04. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
  14. Jacobs, Daniel; Eber, Shirley; Silvani, Francesca (1998). Israel and the Palestinian Territories: The Rough Guide. Rough Guides. p. 371. ISBN 978-1858282480. Archived from the original on 2021-02-04. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
  15. "Chamber of the Holocaust Exhibitions". The Chamber of the Holocaust. Archived from the original on 4 January 2012. Retrieved 14 May 2012.
  16. Israel; Merkaz Ha-Hasbarah, Israel; Miśrad Ha-Ḥinukh Ṿeha-Tarbut, Israel (1967). Israel government year-book. p. 331. Archived from the original on 2021-02-04. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
  17. Jacobs, Daniel (2000). Jerusalem: The Mini Rough Guide. Rough Guides. p. 138. ISBN 978-1858285795. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
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