Charaxes pleione

Common orange charaxes
	C. p. congoensis specimen from CAR
	C. p. pleione in Bobiri Forest, Ghana
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Nymphalidae
Subfamily:	Charaxinae
Tribe:	Charaxini
Genus:	Charaxes
Species:	C. pleione
Binomial name
	Charaxes pleione; (Godart, 1824)[1] [2]
Synonyms
	Nymphalis pleione Godart, 1824; Philognoma lichas Doubleday, 1849; Charaxes lichas ab. othello Suffert, 1904; Charaxes lichas bebra Rothschild, 1900; Charaxes pleione ab. pallida Lathy, 1925;

Charaxes pleione, the common orange charaxes, or square-winged red charaxes, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Rwanda and Tanzania.[3]

Description

Hindwing between the anal angle and vein 4 nearly straight, at vein 2 feebly angled but not tailed, at vein 4 with a short tail, only about 3 mm. in length. Wings above red-brown; apex and distal margin of the forewing more or less broadly black. Wings beneath with a common dark transverse line, extending from the costal margin of the forewing, just before the apex, to the anal angle of the hindwing. Costal margin of the forewing beneath in cellule 12 white or whitish to the end of the cell.-lichas Dbl. male The black colour of the apical area of the forewing extends to the apex of the cell and is either spotted at the inner margin or quite unicolorous - bebra Rothsch. male The black colour at the apex of the forewing does not nearly reach the cell and is deeply incised or spotted with the ground-colour, especially in cellules 4 and 5. Cameroons, Congo region, German East Africa. [4] Similar to Charaxes paphianus but forewing apex not attenuated.

Biology

The habitat consists of forests and woodland savanna.

The larvae feed on Acacia pennata and Acacia brevispica.

Notes on the biology of pleione are given by Kielland (1990) Larsen (1991) and Larsen (2005) [5] [6] [7]

Subspecies

C. p. pleione — Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria
C. p. bebra Rothschild, 1900 [8] — north-eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, south-western Kenya, north-western Tanzania
C. p. congoensis Plantrou, 1989 [9] — south-eastern Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo
C. p. delvauxi Turlin, 1987 [10] — south-western Rwanda
C. p. oriens Plantrou, 1989 — coast of Kenya, eastern Tanzania

Taxonomy

Charaxes pleione is a member of the species group Charaxes paphianus. The supposed clade members are:

Charaxes paphianus - nominate
Charaxes pleione

Realm

Afrotropical realm

References

Godart, J.B. in Latreille , P.A., & Godart, J.B. [1819], [1824]. Encyclopedie Methodique Histoire Naturelle [Zoologie] 9 Entomologie: i-iv, 1-328 [1819], 329-828 [1824]. Paris.
"Charaxes Ochsenheimer, 1816" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
Afrotropical Butterflies: File H - Charaxinae - Tribe Charaxini
Aurivillius, [P.O.]C. 1908-1924. In: Seitz, A. Die GroÃŸschmetterlinge der Erde Band 13: Abt. 2, Die exotischen GroÃŸschmetterlinge, Die afrikanischen Tagfalter, 1925, 613 Seiten, 80 Tafeln (The Macrolepidoptera of the World 13).Alfred Kernen Verlag, Stuttgart. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
Kielland, J. 1990 Butterflies of Tanzania. Hill House, Melbourne and London: 1-363.</refApollo Books, Svendborg, Denmark: 1-595
Larsen, T.B. 2005 Butterflies of West Africa. Apollo Books, Svendborg, Denmark: 1-595
Larsen, T.B. 1991 The Butterflies of Kenya and their Natural History. Oxford University Press, Oxford: i-xxii, 1-490.
Rothschild, 1900 in Rothschild, W., & Jordan, K. 1900. A monograph of Charaxes and the allied prionopterous genera. Novitates Zoologicae 7: [i-iv], 287-524.
Plantrou,J 1989. In: Henning, S.F 1989. The Charaxinae butterflies of Africa 43 (457 pp.). Johannesburg.
Turlin , B. 1987. Descriptions de nouvelles sous-especes et d’une forme de Charaxes africains (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Societe Scientifique Naturelle No. 53: 19-25.

Victor Gurney Logan Van Someren, Revisional notes on African Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Part IX. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Entomology) 29 (8):415-487.
Seitz, A. Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde 13: Die Afrikanischen Tagfalter. Plate XIII 31

External links

Images of C. p. bebra Royal Museum for Central Africa (Albertine Rift Project)
Images of C. p. delvauxi (Albertine Rift Project)
Images of C. p. pleione (Albertine Rift Project)
C. p. pleione images at Consortium for the Barcode of Life
C. p. bebra images at BOLD
C. p. congoensis images at BOLD
C. p. delvauxi images at BOLD

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[1] Godart, J.B. in Latreille , P.A., & Godart, J.B. [1819], [1824]. Encyclopedie Methodique Histoire Naturelle [Zoologie] 9 Entomologie: i-iv, 1-328 [1819], 329-828 [1824]. Paris.

[funet-2] "Charaxes Ochsenheimer, 1816" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms

[ATBUT-3] Afrotropical Butterflies: File H - Charaxinae - Tribe Charaxini

[4] Aurivillius, [P.O.]C. 1908-1924. In: Seitz, A. Die GroÃŸschmetterlinge der Erde Band 13: Abt. 2, Die exotischen GroÃŸschmetterlinge, Die afrikanischen Tagfalter, 1925, 613 Seiten, 80 Tafeln (The Macrolepidoptera of the World 13).Alfred Kernen Verlag, Stuttgart. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

[5] Kielland, J. 1990 Butterflies of Tanzania. Hill House, Melbourne and London: 1-363.</refApollo Books, Svendborg, Denmark: 1-595

[6] Larsen, T.B. 2005 Butterflies of West Africa. Apollo Books, Svendborg, Denmark: 1-595

[7] Larsen, T.B. 1991 The Butterflies of Kenya and their Natural History. Oxford University Press, Oxford: i-xxii, 1-490.

[8] Rothschild, 1900 in Rothschild, W., & Jordan, K. 1900. A monograph of Charaxes and the allied prionopterous genera. Novitates Zoologicae 7: [i-iv], 287-524.

[9] Plantrou,J 1989. In: Henning, S.F 1989. The Charaxinae butterflies of Africa 43 (457 pp.). Johannesburg.

[10] Turlin , B. 1987. Descriptions de nouvelles sous-especes et d’une forme de Charaxes africains (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Societe Scientifique Naturelle No. 53: 19-25.