Charles Combes
Charles Pierre Mathieu Combes (26 December 1801 – 11 January 1872) was a French engineer. He was Inspector-General of Mines and the Director of the School of Mines in Paris. His name is on the Eiffel Tower.[1]
Charles Pierre Mathieu Combes | |
|---|---|
 Charles Pierre Mathieu Combes | |
| Born | 26 December 1801 |
| Died | 11 January 1872 (aged 70) |
| Occupation | French Engineer |
| Spouse | Louise Paulin Bousquet |
| Awards |  Legion of Honour – Commander (1860) |
Biography
Early life
Charles-Pierre-Mathieu Combes was born on 26 December 1801 in Cahors. His father was a senior policeman named Pierre Combes Mathieu. He joined the Ecole Polytechnique before the usual starting age of seventeen on 1 September 1817 and completed his studies in 1820 when he was admitted to the School of Mines. Combes completed the three-year course in just two years. He graduated on 1 July 1822.[2]
Career
In 1825 he became a teacher of mathematics at the Ecole de Saint-Etienne, a post he held for two years. He then worked in industry but returned to the Saint-Etienne school in 1827 and stayed until 1831.
In 1832 he started at the School of Mines in Paris.
Combes' wife Louise Pauline (born Bousquet) died young in 1841.[3]
As the manager of the Firminy colliery, Combes took a special interest to the question of underground mine ventilation at which he became an expert and which, according to A. de Lapparent,
was to keep him busy for the rest of his career[4].
Combes took an interest in his students. A young Marcel Deprez failed to complete the course at the School of Mines. He must have made a good impression as he was employed as Combes' secretary.[5] Deprez went on to show that electricity could be transmitted over long distances.
He has been recognised as a model of what is now called a consultant engineer. He was called on to arbitrate in disputes. He ruled on the ventilation of the mines in Belgium as well as advising foundries and collieries.[6]
In 1868 he chaired the General Council of Mines.
Death
Combes died in Paris in 1872 and left a son and two daughters. One of his daughters married the chemist Charles Friedel.[6] He was buried with his wife, Louise Pauline. Pierre Antoine Combes (1831–72) shares the same grave.[3]
Awards
He was given a number of honours. By degree on 16 August 1860, Combes achieved the rank of Commander in France's Legion of Honour awards system.[7] In 1868, he was awarded the Italian Commander of the Order of St. Maurice and Lazarus and he was made a Commander of the Order of Leopold of Belgium.[6]
Legacy
Combes was one of seventy-two people whom Gustav Eiffel chose as people who had made his achievement of building the Eiffel Tower possible. Combes is number fifty in this list.[1] His name is on the side opposite the military academy.[8]
References
- Hydraulic Engineering Legends listed on the Eiffel Tower, Hubert Chanson, docstoc.com, accessed April 2010
- Eulogy, Speech on his tomb, Annales.org, in French, accessed April 2010
- Charles Combes Archived 2011-10-01 at the Wayback Machine, lachaise.net, accessed April 2010
- A. de Lapparent (1897), "Biographie de Combes", Livre du Centenaire de l’École Polytechnique, vol. I, Gauthier-Villars & fils, p. 194 etc.
- The Engine Indicator Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine, John Walters, Chapter 8, p.8-20
- Charles Combes Archived May 16, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, quercy.net, accessed April 2010
- "Combes, Charles Pierre Matthieu". National Archives - Léonore Database (in French). France. 16 August 1860. p. 1. LH//575/55. Archived from the original on 7 September 2021. Retrieved 7 September 2021. Alt URL
- Names on the tower Archived 2008-02-15 at the Wayback Machine, tour-eiffel.fr, accessed April 2010