Tug of war at the 1904 Summer Olympics
| Men's tug of war at the Games of the III Olympiad | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Venue | Francis Field | |||||||||
| Dates | August 31, 1904 September 1, 1904 | |||||||||
| Competitors | 30 from 3 nations | |||||||||
| Medalists | ||||||||||
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A tug of war competition was held August 31 and September 1 at Francis Field in St. Louis, Missouri, as part of the 1904 Summer Olympics. Thirty athletes participated from six teams across three countries, and six games were played. Four American teams took the top four places, followed by Greek and South African teams unplaced.
Background
Tug of war was first held during the 1900 Olympics, when it was won by a mixed team from Scandinavia, featuring three Danish and three Swedish athletes.[1] For the 1904 games in St. Louis, six teams entered. Four of the teams were representing the host nation, the United States, while there were also teams from Greece and South Africa. For the United States, the Milwaukee Athletic Club entered a team, the Southwest Turnverein of St. Louis entered two teams, and the New York Athletic Club were the final entrant. A team from the Pan-Hellenic Athletic Club represented Greece, while South Africa was represented by the Boer Team.[2] The contests were held on turf ground with no shoes on,[3] over a period of five minutes. If within that five minutes, a team succeeded in pulling the other team across a line six feet (1.83 m) from their starting position, they were deemed to win. Otherwise, the team that had pulled their opponents closest to the line after five minutes would be the winner.[4] Three local judges were selected to officiate in the competition; Clark Hetherington of the University of Missouri, and John Meyers and Myles McDonough, both of St. Louis.[5]
Results
August 30 was the first day of the tug of war competition. The two quarterfinal matches and the first semifinal match (between the two teams who had had byes in the quarterfinals) were held. The rest of the competition was conducted on 1 September.
Quarterfinals
Losers were eliminated.
| Winner | Loser |
|---|---|
.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Milwaukee Athletic Club (USA) |
 Boers (RSA) |
| Southwest Turnverein of Saint Louis No. 1 (USA) |
.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Pan-Hellenic (GRE) |
| New York Athletic Club (USA) |
Bye |
 Southwest Turnverein of Saint Louis No. 2 (ZZX) |
Bye |
Semifinals
The losers were sent to the repechage, to play each other for the chance to play the loser of the final for second place.
| Winner | Loser |
|---|---|
| Milwaukee Athletic Club (USA) |
Southwest Turnverein of Saint Louis No. 1 (USA) |
| New York Athletic Club (USA) |
Southwest Turnverein of Saint Louis No. 2 (ZZX) |
Final
The winner received the gold medal, while the loser had to play the winner of the repechage in the silver medal match.
| Winner | Loser |
|---|---|
| Milwaukee Athletic Club (USA) |
New York Athletic Club (USA) |
Silver medal semifinal
The winner of this match played the loser of the final for the silver medal.
| Winner | Loser |
|---|---|
| Southwest Turnverein of Saint Louis No. 1 (USA) |
Southwest Turnverein of Saint Louis No. 2 (ZZX) |
Silver medal match
The New York team did not appear for the silver medal match, resulting in the silver medal being awarded to the Saint Louis No. 1 team.
Bronze medal match
The New York team also did not appear for the bronze medal match, resulting in the bronze medal being awarded to Saint Louis No. 2.
Final standings
| Place | Team | Nation |
|---|---|---|
 | Milwaukee Athletic Club | United States |
 | Southwest Turnverein of Saint Louis No. 1 | United States |
 | Southwest Turnverein of Saint Louis No. 2 | Mixed team |
| 4 | New York Athletic Club | United States |
| 5–6 | Pan-Hellenic | Greece |
| Boers | South Africa |
Participating nations
6 teams of 5, for a total of 30 athletes, competed. The host team had four teams, and two other nations each sent one.
- Greece (5)
- South Africa (5)
- United States (20)
Rosters
Patrick Flanagan
Sidney Johnson
Oscar Olson
Conrad Magnusson
Henry Seiling
- Southwest Turnverein of St. Louis No. 1
Max Braun
August Rodenberg
Charles Rose
William Seiling
Orrin Upshaw
- Southwest Turnverein of St. Louis No. 2
Oscar Friede
Charles Haberkorn
Harry Jacobs
Frank Kugler (GER)
Charles Thias
- New York Athletic Club
Charles Chadwick
Charles Dieges
Lawrence Feuerbach
Sam Jones
Jim Mitchel
- Boer Team
Pieter Hillense
Pieter Lombard
Johannes Schutte
Paulus Visser
Christopher Walker
- Pan-Hellenic Athletic Club
Dimitrios Dimitrakopoulos
Nikolaos Georgantas
Anastasios Georgopoulos
Periklis Kakousis
Vasilios Metalos
Medal table
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 2 | Mixed team | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (2 entries) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | |
References
- "Tug of war in the Olympics!". The Tug of War Association. Retrieved August 31, 2017.
- Mallon 1999, p. 192.
- Lucas 1905, p. 79.
- "Tug-Of-War at the 1904 St. Louis Summer Games: Men's Tug-Of-War". SR/Olympics. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved August 31, 2017.
- Lucas 1905, p. 21.
Sources
- Lucas, Charles J. P. (1905). The Olympic Games, 1904 (PDF). St. Louis, Missouri: Woodward & Tiernan Printing Co.
- Mallon, Bill (1999). The 1904 Olympic Games: Results for All Competitors in All Events, with Commentary. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc. ISBN 978-0-7864-4066-5.
- Wudarski, Pawel (1999). "Wyniki Igrzysk Olimpijskich" (in Polish). Retrieved 27 December 2006.
External links
- Tug-Of-War at the 1904 Summer Olympics at SR/Olympics (archived)
