Charvein
Charvein is a village in the Mana commune of Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni in French Guiana. Charvein was the location of Camp Charvein, one of the most notorious camps of the Prison of St-Laurent-du-Maroni.[2] From 1989 until 1992, Charvein was the location of a Surinamese refugee camp.
Charvein | |
|---|---|
village | |
  Charvein Location in French Guiana | |
| Coordinates: 5.5701°N 53.8968°W | |
| Country | France |
| Overseas region | French Guiana |
| Arrondissement | Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni |
| Commune | Mana |
| Population (2002)[1] | |
| • Total | 1,600 |
Camp Charvein
Charvein started as a little village in the forest where a sawmill was built. In 1895, a subcamp of the Saint-Laurent penal colony was opened for the incorrigibles, the worst prisoners.[3] Colloquially the camp was known as "camp de la mort" (camp of death),[3] because of the appalling mortality rate,[2] and was described as one of the worst camps.[2][4][3]
The prisoners had to work naked,[4][2] in a mosquito infested forest, and had to make 50 boards a day.[5] The guards were notorious for their brutality, and disease was rampant.[2] In 1903, the camp was inspected by Liontel, the Attorney General of French Guiana, who removed the prisoners from the two person chains,[6] Liontel wrote a report to his superiors about the brutality and murders which had occurred at the camp.[7] His indignation was ignored.[6]
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A 22 kilometre Decauville railway was constructed between Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni and Charvein to provide access to the sawmill, and the prison camp.[8]
In 1925, the camp for incorrigibles closed, and Charvein was turned into an agricultural prison camp.[3] On 17 June 1938, the prison colony closed altogether.[9]
Surinamese refugees
The Surinamese Interior War, which was fought between 1986 and 1992, resulted in refugees crossing the border between Suriname and French Guiana. In 1989, a camp was built near the village to house the refugees. Originally the camp was home to 1,063 refugees. The refugee camp was dismantled in 1992.[10]
Current situation
Charvein is mainly inhabited by former Surinamese refugees. The village is located on the road from Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni to Mana, and the starting point of the road to Acarouany and Javouhey. Along the road, little shops and stalls have been constructed.[11] In 2012, the post office reopened after protests from the villagers, and a police station was constructed in the village.[12]
On 12 November 2020, the main road was blocked in protest. The children of the village have to use the bus to school, and pay in advance, however due to personnel shortage and the COVID-19 pandemic, the bus was cancelled altogether.[13] The mayor has given into the demands, the bus service will restored, and the people will be reimbursed.[14]
Geography
Climate
Charvein has a tropical rainforest climate (Köppen climate classification Af). The average annual temperature in Charvein is 26.7 °C (80.1 °F). The average annual rainfall is 2,837.8 mm (111.72 in) with May as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in October, at around 27.8 °C (82.0 °F), and lowest in January, at around 25.7 °C (78.3 °F). The highest temperature ever recorded in Charvein was 37.7 °C (99.9 °F) on 12 September 1987; the coldest temperature ever recorded was 16.9 °C (62.4 °F) on 1 January 2018.
| Climate data for Charvein (1991–2020 averages, extremes 1978−present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 33.9 (93.0) |
33.5 (92.3) |
35.0 (95.0) |
35.2 (95.4) |
34.5 (94.1) |
35.0 (95.0) |
35.4 (95.7) |
37.5 (99.5) |
37.7 (99.9) |
37.5 (99.5) |
37.0 (98.6) |
35.5 (95.9) |
37.7 (99.9) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 29.8 (85.6) |
29.7 (85.5) |
30.4 (86.7) |
30.5 (86.9) |
30.4 (86.7) |
31.1 (88.0) |
32.0 (89.6) |
32.9 (91.2) |
33.7 (92.7) |
33.9 (93.0) |
32.5 (90.5) |
30.6 (87.1) |
31.5 (88.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 25.7 (78.3) |
25.8 (78.4) |
26.1 (79.0) |
26.5 (79.7) |
26.6 (79.9) |
26.6 (79.9) |
26.8 (80.2) |
27.3 (81.1) |
27.6 (81.7) |
27.8 (82.0) |
27.1 (80.8) |
26.3 (79.3) |
26.7 (80.1) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 21.7 (71.1) |
21.8 (71.2) |
21.9 (71.4) |
22.4 (72.3) |
22.7 (72.9) |
22.2 (72.0) |
21.6 (70.9) |
21.7 (71.1) |
21.6 (70.9) |
21.7 (71.1) |
21.8 (71.2) |
21.9 (71.4) |
21.9 (71.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 16.9 (62.4) |
17.2 (63.0) |
17.0 (62.6) |
18.2 (64.8) |
18.8 (65.8) |
18.5 (65.3) |
19.3 (66.7) |
18.8 (65.8) |
18.9 (66.0) |
18.9 (66.0) |
17.7 (63.9) |
17.9 (64.2) |
16.9 (62.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 264.9 (10.43) |
240.5 (9.47) |
209.1 (8.23) |
347.4 (13.68) |
446.8 (17.59) |
352.0 (13.86) |
248.7 (9.79) |
165.5 (6.52) |
81.9 (3.22) |
68.3 (2.69) |
140.6 (5.54) |
272.1 (10.71) |
2,837.8 (111.72) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 18.3 | 15.7 | 15.4 | 18.3 | 23.1 | 22.3 | 19.1 | 13.6 | 6.8 | 7.2 | 13.1 | 19.3 | 192.2 |
| Source: Météo-France[15] | |||||||||||||
References
- Richard Price (2002). "Maroons in Suriname and Guyane: how many and where". New West Indian Guide/ Nieuwe West-Indische Gids. 76: 7.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - Philippe Collin. "Dix-huit ans de bagne". Crimino Corpus (in French). Retrieved 21 February 2021.
- "Camp Charvein (dit " Camp de la Mort ")". Guyanologie (in French). Retrieved 21 February 2021.
- ""Le Bagne"". Trussel. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
- Charles Péan (1953). The conquest of Devil's Island. London: Parrish. pp. 27–28.
- Alexandre Jacob. "Un médecin au bagne chapitre 5". Atelier de Creation Libertaire (in French). Retrieved 21 February 2021.
- "Les surveillants militaires des bagnes coloniaux". Portrait Culture Justice (in French). Retrieved 21 February 2021.
- "Prison Railways in French Guiana, 2014". International Steam. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
- "Saint-Laurent du Maroni, Histoire d'une commune". Fier de Tre Guyanais (in French). 16 September 2016. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
- Wim Hoogbergen & Thomas Polimé (2002). "Oostelijk Suriname 1986-2002". OSO. Tijdschrift voor Surinaamse taalkunde, letterkunde en geschiedenis (in Dutch). p. 228.
{{cite magazine}}: Cite magazine requires|magazine=(help) - Portrait de territoire (2018). "Mana : une histoire, une géographie, un territoire" (PDF) (in French). The commune of Mana.
- "Collectif de Javouhey et de Charvein". Blada (in French). Retrieved 21 February 2021.
- "Mana: le carrefour Charvein bloqué par des élèves à bout". France Guyane (in French). Retrieved 21 February 2021.
- "Une délégation de la CTG s'est rendue au pont Charvein suite au blocage". Blada. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
- "Fiche Climatologique Statistiques 1991-2020 et records" (PDF) (in French). Météo-France. Retrieved August 28, 2022.