Aitzaz Ahsan

Ahsan was born on September 27, 1945, in Murree, British Punjab.[1][2] He belongs to a Punjabi Jat family of the Warraich clan,[3] and grew up in Lahore.[4]

He received his early education from Aitchison College. He then enrolled in Government College Lahore and later studied law at Downing College, Cambridge.[5][1][2][4] He was at Gray's Inn in 1967.[5] He then appeared in Central Superior Services examination[1] where he topped.[2] Equipped with his education in law and jurisprudence, Ahsan appeared in Pakistan’s prestigious Central Superior Services (CSS) examination. However, he did not join government service in defiance of Ayub Khan’s military rule.

Ahsan returned to Pakistan in 1967. He joined Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP)[4] and began his political career in 1970s.[1] He was elected as the member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab for first time on the ticket of PPP from Gujrat constituency on by-elections held following the Pakistan General elections of 1977 .[1] He was inducted in the provincial cabinet of Punjab and was appointed as the Provincial Minister for information, planning and development.[1][2][5] Ahsan was in his twenties during his tenure as provincial minister.[4] He resigned from the provincial cabinet and left PPP[1] following the incident in which Punjab Police opened fire on a rally of lawyers during the Pakistan National Alliance demonstrations against the alleged rigging of elections by the PPP government in 1977.[5] Ahsan joined Tehrik-e-Istiqlal.[1]

He rejoined the PPP following the Operation Fair Play[5] and actively became involved with the Movement for the Restoration of Democracy and for his participation in the MRD, he was repeatedly imprisoned.[5][1] He was reportedly jailed 11 times for a total period of two years during Zia -ul-Haq presidency.[4]

After Benazir Bhutto's return to Pakistan, he played a key role in her movement. In the elections of 1988 following the demise of Martial Law Administrator Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, he was awarded a party ticket by the PPP. He was elected Member of the National Assembly of Pakistan in Pakistan General elections of 1988 from Lahore constituency.[1][6] He was inducted into the federal cabinet and was appointed as the Minister for Law and Justice,[5] along with the additional portfolio of the Ministry of Interior and Narcotics Control. He was re-elected as the member of the National Assembly of Pakistan on PPP ticket for the second time in Pakistan General elections of 1990 from the same Lahore constituency.[1][6]

He lost the Pakistan General elections of 1993 to Humayun Akhtar Khan of the Pakistan Muslim League.[6][1] In 1994 he was elected as the member of the Senate of Pakistan for the first time representing PPP,[1] where he sat as Leader of the Opposition until 1999.[5] In the Pakistan General elections of 2002, he ran for the membership of the National Assembly on PPP seat from two constituencies. He was re-elected as the member of the National Assembly for the third time from constituencies of Bahawalpur and Lahore.[1] He retained his Lahore seat.[7] Ahsan did not run in the Pakistan General elections of 2008 due to his involvement in the Lawyers' Movement for the restoration of deposed judges.[6][1]

Ahsan was elected as the member of the Senate for the second time in the 2012 Pakistani Senate election on technocrat seat representing PPP.[1][8] In 2013, Ahsan become opposition leader in the Senate.[9] In 2015, he for the second time became opposition leader in the Senate.[10]

In August 2018, Ahsan was nominated by the PPP as a candidate for the 2018 presidential election.[11] On the polling day on 4 September 2018, he clinched 124 electoral votes behind Arif Alvi (352) and Fazal-ur-Rehman (184) in the election.[12]

Professionally, Ahsan is a barrister by law[5] and a senior advocate of the Supreme Court of Pakistan.[1] He is the founder and senior partner of Aitzaz Ahsan & Associates.[5] He has served as President of Supreme Court Bar Association of Pakistan.[13] Ahsan has represented several high-profile Pakistani personalities including three Prime ministers of Pakistan in various cases such as Nawaz Sharif, Benazir Bhutto and Yousaf Raza Gillani[5][14][1] and former President of Pakistan Asif Ali Zardari.[13][4] He also fought the case of gang rape survivor, Mukhtar Mai.

He is known for representing and leading the lawyers campaign to reinstate former Chief Justice of Pakistan Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry.[4][5][15][16][1] In 2008, Ahsan was awarded the Asian Human Rights Defender Award by the Hong Kong-based Asian Human Rights Commission in recognition.[17] Ahsan was arrested following the Pakistani state of emergency, 2007.[5] After initially being kept in Adiyala jail, he was moved to house arrest in Lahore for four months.[4] He was released in March 2008.[18] Ahsan is also a noted human rights activist in Pakistan.[5]

Ahsan is the author of the book The Indus Saga and the Making of Pakistan[4] and its Urdu translation, Sindh Sagar Aur Qyam-e-Pakistan which presents the cultural history of Pakistan and argues that the Indus region is a distinct entity from the rest of India and constitutes a nation.[19]

He has also co-authored the book Divided by Democracy with Lord Meghnad Desai of the London School of Economics.